Peritoneal mesothelioma radiotherapy

Radiotherapy

PMM less sensitive to radiation therapy, radiation effect as pleural mesothelioma. But the operation has not been fully removed lesions or not surgery, radiotherapy is not
An important therapy for the missing. Methods include irradiation, and (or) irradiation. Selection of the 60 Co irradiation general or 186 KV X line as the radioactive sources, depending on disease
Changed the whole scope of choice or partial abdominal irradiation. Cancer Hospital on medical patients to the whole abdominal irradiation, six to seven weeks of radiation dose of 24 gray (Gy), results
Local recurrence rate fell to 11.4 percent, three-year survival rate increased to 66.7 percent. Radiation can cause radioactive enteritis, radiation and radioactive myelitis, such as hepatitis.
Intraperitoneal injection of radionuclide such as 32 P or 198 Au, through the radiation, so that mesothelioma organizations and small vessels sclerosis, and ascites in the free anti-tumor cells,
To ease short-term illness. However, this method takes a certain equipment, and costly, and can inhibit the bone marrow, is now using less.

Peritoneal mesothelioma Chemotherapy

Drug PMM moderately sensitive to chemotherapy. Preoperative chemotherapy-induced, during and after chemotherapy can significantly reduce tumor recurrence and improve 3-year survival rate.

PMM effect of the treatment of certain chemical drugs Adriamycin, chlorine-ammonia platinum, carboplatin, bleomycin and domestic anti-cancer drug elemene, such as milk. Long
Spring new base, fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide, MMC also worth a try.

Adriamycin (Adriamycin, ADM) per adult 30 ~ 60 mg/m2, every three weeks 1, intravenous or intraperitoneal injection, the total dose of no more than
550mg/m2. Adverse reactions to toxic to the heart, and have accumulated, with the total dose; followed by the suppression of bone marrow, gastrointestinal tract, such as hair loss and response.

Chlorine ammonia-platinum (Cisplatin, DDP, cisplatin) per adult 80 ~ 120 mg/m2, every three weeks, or 20 mg/m2,连用five days every three weeks
For a course of treatment, intravenous injection. Adverse reactions have renal toxicity, ear toxicity, neurotoxicity, gastrointestinal tract, such as bone marrow suppression and response. Mannitol can be added to
Reduce its accumulation in the tubular. The drug is also commonly used in the abdominal cavity injection, the specific methods, see below.

Carboplatin (Carboplatin, CBP) per adult 300 ~ 400 mg/m2, 5% glucose or saline solution, to dilute the concentration
0.5mg/ml of the solution, intravenous infusion, every three to four weeks to repeat, or 100 mg / d, 5% glucose solution in 500 ml intravenous infusion, the linked five days;
Three to four weeks to repeat once. Can also use each 300 ~ 500 mg intraperitoneal injection, one week.

Bleomycin (Bleomycin, BLM) for adults 15 ~ 30 mg, dissolved in saline or modest 5% glucose solution in the deep intramuscular injection, intravenous
Or intravenous infusion, weekly 2; can also be changed to 1, according to the situation / d or several times a week. Can also be dissolved by 60 mg slow abdominal injection. Stey with BLM
Intraperitoneal injection, the treatment of one case of PMM patients, the disappearance of ascites, after stopping did not occur again, survived for more than three years. However, large doses BLM intraperitoneal injection
Can cause pneumonia-like symptoms, and even pulmonary fibrosis; In addition, fever, gastrointestinal reactions more common, allergic individual patients occurred.

Taxol (Paclitaxel) The drug is extracted from the bark of the yew anti-cancer drug, by inducing and promoting tubulin polymerization to prevent the solution
Poly and stability of microtubules, restrained the mitosis and cell proliferation. Taxol can inhibit mitosis for renewable-pipe network, prevent mitosis
Spindle lead to the formation of the fracture chromosome, inhibit the replication of tumor cells. Dose of 135 ~ 175 mg/m2, diluted in saline or 5%
Intravenous glucose solution. Repeat every three weeks. 12 hours before treatment should be given dexamethasone 20 mg, 30 ~ 60 minutes ago should intravenous diphenhydramine
50 mg and 300 mg cimetidine or ranitidine 200 mg, to prevent allergic reactions. And cisplatin combination of about 66.7% of patients effectively, and to tolerance
Its toxicity [6]. Adverse reactions have bone marrow suppression, allergic reactions, joint pain, muscle pain, gastrointestinal reactions, peripheral neuropathy, syncope, a total of
Economic imbalance and the injection site, such as swelling and pain.

Elemene milk (Elemene) for Chinese medicine Ezhu to extract the anticancer substances; chest, abdomen, chest in the treatment of malignant, a better ascites
Efficacy. Ascites in addition to pumping as much as possible, according to 200 ~ 400 mg/m2 amount of abdominal injection once a week or two. Adverse reaction rates of 20% to 70%, the main
Have a fever, chills and pain if injected a small amount of pre-anaesthetics and hormones, it can prevent the others have allergies, gastrointestinal reactions.

Cyclophosphamide (CTX) per adult 600 ~ 1200 mg, once a week or two, intravenous injection. After the administration of bone marrow suppression, gastrointestinal reaction
Yandeng bladder and bleeding than those in common adverse reactions.

Vincristine (VCR) per adult 2.5 ~ 8 mg/m2, once a week, and intravenous injection, a total of 60 ~ 80 mg, the main adverse reaction
To curb bone marrow.

Methotrexate (MTX) per adult 15 ~ 50 mg, once a week or two, muscle or intravenous injection. There are side effects of bone marrow suppression, gastrointestinal reaction,
Stomatitis, liver and kidney damage, long-term medication can cause pulmonary fibrosis.

There are two kinds of chemotherapy.

Systemic chemotherapy for a cancer drug, the drug distribution less peritoneal cavity. Foreign Report, whether single or combination of drugs, systemic chemotherapy
Efficiency of only 11% to 14%. Combined with chemotherapy in the programme include: DDP + ADM, DDP + CTX + VCR, CTX + VCR + BLM, and so on. But many scholars stressed that the joint
Chemotherapy does not improve the efficacy [11]. Poulain, etc. [12] in vitro of the DDP, CBP and amphotericin B (AmB) of malignant mesothelioma cell lines Fine
Cellular toxicity. Cell lines to contact the drug two hours, six days later by the growth - inhibition curve shows that the concentration of 5 ~ 10 mg / L of the AmB-min
Flu drug resistance or the cell line, can make the DDP and CBP 50 percent growth - inhibitory concentration (IC50) decreased 5 to 10 times. AmB may be related to the significant role
An increase of tumor cells on the uptake of platinum, platinum increased the concentration of cells, the cells increased platinum toxicity effects. Phosphodiesterase inhibition of a
- Xanthine (phosphodiesterase inhibiting methylxanthines) and AmB a synergy of its own toxic weak, and can ease
AmB kidney toxicity. But so far no clinical drug combination of the above report.

In recent years, intra-abdominal chemotherapy, abdominal injecting drug use can increase local drug concentration and reduce systemic adverse reaction not only the eradication operation
After the residual tumor tissue, reduce relapse; surgery can also lose the opportunity to make some of the patients reduced mass, ascites reduced disease under control.
Intraperitoneal and intravenous dose a similar amount, or slightly higher than the latter; one week after the repeat. According to illness can be a series of injections several weeks. Ito [13], etc.
To one case of surgical resection of the PMM failure patients intraperitoneal injection of DDP, and a combination of uracil and tegafur, made an unexpected effect:
After 223 days in the abdominal mass and ascites completely disappeared. But in the first eight months after the recurrence of pelvic mass; re-awarded to the DDP and camptothecin, the effect is poor.
Ma, etc. [14] used heating sustained abdominal perfusion (continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion, CHPP) Joint DDP
Local injection, treatment PPM. DDP initial infusion for an average of 120 mg / ml (81 ~ 166mg/ml), perfusion flow of 1.5 L / min, the average amount of reperfusion
5.1L (4 ~ 7L), reperfusion after 90 minutes, measuring intra-abdominal three temperature were 41.5 ℃, 40.5 ℃ and 41.1 ℃. DDP infusion of the curve
The area under (AUC) for plasma DDP AUC 21 times the plasma concentration of DDP with the body when the drug is similar. The course of treatment had no local adverse reactions,
Patients can be tolerated CHPP. Follow-up of 10 months, no one cases of deaths because of CHPP. Park, etc. [15] has a similar report. Currently,
CHPP PMM tantamount to an effective treatment methods.

Diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma clinical stage

In addition to a clear diagnosis of the disease and, according to the tumor required by the involvement of the structure stage, the development of treatment programmes and prognosis is important. Butchant recommendations will be divided into Ⅳ period (Table 1).



Table 1 diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma staging (Butchant stages)

Stage
Involving the structure of the tumor

Ⅰ period

Phase Ⅱ

Stage Ⅲ

Ⅳ period
Ipsilateral tumors confined to the lungs and pleura

Mediastinal tumor or organ of the chest wall (esophagus, heart), chest metastasis

Tumors invaded the diaphragm and abdominal penetration, contralateral pleural invasion, metastasis Xiongwai

Blood distant metastasis

Diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma Summary

Diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma (diffuse malignant mesothelioma) in China's relatively rare, but Europe and the United States in recent years the incidence increased significantly. The age of 50 to 70 years old, men more than women. Their contact with asbestos-related causes, the incubation period of up to 20 to 40 above. However, the incidence of this disease and exposure to asbestos in the number and length of no clear relationship. Also still with the long-term exposure to radiation, pleural cavity filling the pleural scarring after treatment, idiopathic, and other factors.

Diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma pathological changes

Diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma along the pleural surface growth, can occur in the layer, visceral and mediastinal pleura. Difficult to distinguish between lesion site of origin. Cancer and lung often directly stromal invasion, a nodular mass. Tumor Duocheng off-white, some due to partial necrosis and yellow, hard texture. And often transferred to the hilar lymph node, or through the blood transfer to the lung, liver, brain and adrenal gland. Because of the diversity of skin organization, thus its characteristics and classification than the complex. Normally be divided into E-, sarcomatoid type (fiber) and mixed three types, more than skin-多见. Single-use optical microscopy often difficult to E-malignant pleural mesothelioma and lung cancer, such as the transfer of distinction. Using immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy to identify. Malignant pleural mesothelioma low-molecular-weight keratin were positive, with sarcoma can be separated malignant pleural mesothelioma can not be CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) stain, which can be differentiated adenocarcinoma. If the immune group of the same results with other tumors, electron microscopy can generally be confirmed. Malignant pleural mesothelioma the most notable feature is that many of bending the microvilli, and adenocarcinoma microvilli short and straight, and a layer of coverage above polysaccharide protein complex.

Diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma clinical performance

Diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma early have no special symptoms, illness often unknowingly increase.

The main symptoms are cough, chest pain, shortness of breath and weight loss, may also have fever, clubbed fingers (toe) and hypertrophic arthritis.

Most of the patients have pleural effusion.

Diffuse clinical diagnosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma

X-ray and CT scan clearly visible pleural thickening, nodular block video and pleural effusion levy.

A pleural effusion can puncture pumped fluid, chest or bloody fluid was yellow, the prominent feature of the viscous and can even pull plug into strips or needles, pleural biopsy in the diagnosis is important.

The more difficult to check the diagnosis of cases, firms that are more Thoracoscopy, in addition to general observation, cut the organization of viable specimens, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy in the diagnosis.

Diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma diagnosed with hydrothorax

With hydrothorax diagnosis

Lung cancer involving the pleural can produce irregular Duntong chest tumor penetrated the chest wall, rib or oppression intercostal nerves, acute severe chest pain and local tenderness or a fixed point, and with breathing, coughing, body position and increase the transformation.

X-ray:

1. A small amount of pleural effusion: blunt side rib at Kok Yuen;

2. Volume of pleural effusion:-side of that paragraph;

3. Substantial pleural effusion: affected by pleural effusion barrier without imaging.

B-:

1. A small amount of pleural effusion: a small amount of fluid that side;

2. Volume of pleural effusion: visible in the side of effusion;

3. Substantial pleural effusion: side that chest filled with pleural effusion, pulmonary pressure and see the situation.

CT and magnetic total shock:

1. A small amount of pleural effusion: a small amount of fluid that side;

2. Volume of pleural effusion: visible in the side of effusion;

3. Substantial pleural effusion: side that chest filled with pleural effusion, pulmonary pressure and see the situation.

Diffuse surgical treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma

Diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma because of widespread disease, difficult to complete resection, the current methods are any palliative treatment. Ⅰ of the patients, the body in good condition, the possible removal of pleural pleura, or lung resection, after supplemented with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, or immunotherapy, to extend the survival time of patients.

Mesothelioma symptoms

Mesothelioma is transmitted surrounded most of the film's visceral dislike extremism and permanent cancer. It is also to provide several eye-catching only the symptoms of cancer in a very subtle form, until it becomes extremely advanced. Mesothelioma of the most common type that pleural mesothelioma. It may lead to allergies or a cold easily mixed shallow breathing short and / or chronic cough. In many cases, when investigating these patients with symptoms, mesothelioma is discovered by accident. Pleural mesothelioma other symptoms include:



-- Chest pain

-- Chronic cough that worsened as time past

-- Short shallow breathing

-- The provision of blood

-- Fatigue

-- Gasp for breath

-- Lung infection

-- Swell the lymph nodes

-- Loss of appetite and weight loss

75% of all mesothelioma box is pleural mesothelioma. Another type of Peritoneal mesothelioma said. Peritoneal mesothelioma in the stomach and stomach lining Fu near the impact, and are dangerous and can be fatal. Peritoneal mesothelioma symptoms include:

-- Pain or swelling in the abdomen

-- Weight Loss

-- Intestinal obstruction - blockade in small / large intestine

-- Anemia - to reduce the total number of red blood cells

-- Fever

High-risk groups such as asbestos and construction workers must accept the monitoring led to frequent checks of all cases of mesothelioma. Since this is a very deadly cancer, early diagnosis and treatment may help extend the life, but is usually 100 percent mortality rate within five years.

Peritoneal mesothelioma Summary

Peritoneal mesothelioma (peritoneal mesothelioma) in the primary peritoneal mesothelial organizations and epithelial tumors, clinical rarely see. Disease
Arguments can be divided into the adenomatous mesothelioma (adenomatoid mesothelioma), cystic mesothelioma (cystic mesothelioma) and evil
And mesothelioma (peritoneal malignant mesothelioma, PMM). The first two are benign. Cystic mesothelioma more common in women.
Cause unknown, occurred in the surrounding pelvic or annex, a single or multiple cystic mass; patients often palpable abdominal mass and treatment. PMM about vicious
Mesothelioma of 30 percent of its occurrence and also closely related to exposure to asbestos, about 5 percent of patients have a history of exposure [1]; asbestos fiber intake by mouth, through
Translocation to the intestinal wall and peritoneal disease. From exposure to asbestos-diagnosed, the disease incubation period of up to 25 to 40 years. However, domestic 1951 to 1993
20 literature 161 cases in only one case of PMM has a history of exposure to asbestos. No history of exposure to asbestos in the crowd, the incidence rate of about 1 / 1 million years,
May be infected with the virus and certain genetic factors related to [2,3,4]. Foreign PMM reported one case of patients over 40 years ago dioxide contacts glial
Thorium (Thorotrast) [5]. PMM often occurred in more than 40-year-old male. Dirty floor or layer can Li and peritoneal tumor can be a direct violation of abdominal, pelvic
Organ; 50 percent to 70 percent of patients with lymphoid and (or) blood distant metastasis as liver, kidney and adrenal gland, lung, bone and lymph nodes, and so on. Clinical manifestations of the disease
The lack of specificity, may have abdominal pain, constipation, abdominal distension, weight loss and other obstruction performance [6]. Physical examination can be found ascites or abdominal mass, and so on. Ascites
To effusion, some bloody. The disease often misdiagnosed as tuberculosis peritonitis, recurrent spontaneous peritonitis, inflammation or mesenteric peritoneal metastasis
And so on. Ascites hyaluronic acid increased significantly,> 0.8 g / L were found only in PMM. Ascites exfoliated cells also check some value, but often difficult
Judgement. Serum carbohydrate antigen -125 (CA125) increased to help diagnosis of the disease [6,7]. B-ultrasound and CT findings of diversity, are typical of peritoneal irregular
Thickening, omentum adhesion was Bingzhuang, mesenteric a tissue sample; CT can also display enhanced pancreatic mass-week, intra-abdominal or diffuse large substantive
Masses, and violations of bowel and mesentery, or peritoneal nodules, or a cystic mass, multi-with varying degrees of ascites [8]. Guided by ultrasound or CT wear
Thorn biopsy a certain value. PMM diagnostic laparoscopy is a simple and effective method, peritoneal microscope, omentum nodules and diffuse plaques,
And open heart biopsy pathological examination. We upon the one case of 83-year-old male patient laparoscopy, peritoneal biopsy pathology report of skin cell proliferation,
After the organization immune to chemical and biological inspection confirmed PMM. Butchart and other PMM will be divided into four: I period, the tumor confined to the peritoneum; Ⅱ period, tumor invasion
Abdominal lymph nodes; Ⅲ period, to the abdominal tumor metastasis outside; Ⅳ period, distant blood transfer. Categories will help choose the treatment.
PMM so far no effective standardized treatment. Poor prognosis, diagnosis after the median survival period for one year, survived more than two years to less than 20%. Main
From the evil of quality or obstruction, and rarely cause of death related to cancer metastasis.

Cystic mesothelioma surgery

Surgical excision of cystic mass effect of a good, no reports of death after surgery. However, 25 percent of patients after local recurrence. Van der Klooster
, And other reports one case of multiple cystic mesothelioma patients, the treatment of occlusion and aspiration are invalid, a tumor recurrence five years, the last to switch to vaginal intubation
Continuous drainage, the cure will come. Surgical excision of cystic mass effect of a good, no reports of death after surgery. However, 25 percent of patients after local recurrence.
Laparoscopic can now complete with huge cystic abdominal mesothelioma.

Peritoneal surgical treatment of malignant mesothelioma

For I, Ⅱ period PMM preferred treatment. Including by type of tumor surgery (cytoreductive surgery), with as much as possible to see
Tumor. But the fact is difficult because of surgery, diffuse lesions, and difficult to attain the objective of complete resection. The recurrence can be re-operation. The intestinal
Obstruction possible palliative operation, ease the symptoms of obstruction.

Mesothelioma

Pleural mesothelioma

Pleural mesothelioma is pleural primary tumor, there are limitations of (mostly benign) and diffuse (all malignant)
Points. Which diffuse malignant mesothelioma to the chest tumor one of the worst prognosis. Most of the patients in the 40-70 age group who are
Among men than women.

The first symptoms of chest pain, coughing and shortness of breath was the most common. Have a fever, sweating or joint pain symptoms mainly v.
Persons. About half of patients over a large number of pleural effusion with severe shortness of breath. No large pleural effusion, chest pain often more drama
Ranariddh, weight loss common. Ordinary X-ray found that pleural effusion, and lung tumor was wrapped, late
Case period may have caused the hearts of cardiac exudate video to expand and soft tissue damage, such as video and ribs.

For suspicious of malignant pleural mesothelioma patients, CT check the most useful. Hydrothorax cytology also help attendance
Off. Routine laboratory tests, some patients may have more platelets, serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) increased
And so on. For routine examination not clear diagnosis can be done pleural thoracoscopic biopsy. General most patients can
This was the diagnosis.

The treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, is still no effective cure methods. Treatment, a palliative
Treatment, surgical treatment, chemotherapy and radiation treatment, the tumor is generally believed that the relative limitations of the Phase I
, So radical that the pleural pneumonectomy. For Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ of patients, radical surgery has no significance
, The only purposes of palliative surgery. In fact, most of the patients to the disease diagnosis, is in Phase II to
On. The rapid growth in patients with pleural effusion often leads to serious breathing difficulties, palliative surgery to improve their night
Of the patient's quality of life of great significance. Thoracic into the past use of chemotherapy drugs, such as pleural effusion or dissipated to pleural
Adhesions blocking the way often to be ineffective.

Peritoneal mesothelioma
Peritoneal mesothelioma is the primary peritoneal mesothelial cells in the tumor. Clinical performance is not characteristic, common symptoms
And signs are: abdominal pain, ascites, abdominal distention and abdominal mass, and so on. Peritoneal mesothelioma about all cases of mesothelioma
20 percent, occurred in 2-92 years old, the average age is 54 years, of which about 63 percent of the cases in the 45 --
Between the 64-year-old, the sick child rare.
Clinical performance
1. Abdominal pain, abdominal distention, ascites, abdominal mass, 2. Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, 3. Sluggish
Fever, weight loss, anemia, 4. Hypoglycemia, diffuse abdominal ossification, 5. If the merger other parts of peritoneal mesothelioma
Mesothelioma, the transfer of other organs and complications of corresponding performance.

Diagnosis
1. Abdominal pain, abdominal distention, ascites, abdominal mass of patients, in particular, have a history of exposure to asbestos, 2. Imaging examination peritoneal
A thin sheet of tumor signs and ascites, 3. Exfoliative cytology ascites, 4. Peritoneal biopsy, laparoscopy and laparotomy
From the Organization for exploration and pathological examination can be confirmed.

Peritoneal mesothelioma originated in the epithelium and peritoneal mesothelial organizations, to asbestos dust pathogenic substances, some of the virus may also
The reason is the cause mesothelioma. Peritoneal mesothelioma pathology can be divided into: adenomatoid tumors, cystic mesothelioma and malignant
Paper: Three. Peritoneal mesothelioma clinical manifestations are not specific, the inspection positive rate is not high, specificity is not strong,
Clinical diagnosis very difficult. With laparoscopy, ultrasound and CT-guided biopsy technology and the development of
Pathology, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy raising the level of diagnosis, an increasing number of cases received during his lifetime or that of the former
It's pathology. Peritoneal mesothelioma mainly with tuberculosis peritonitis, intra-abdominal cancer metastasis, the other in the abdomen
Film omentum identification of the tumor.

Primary peritoneal mesothelioma

Peritoneal malignant mesothelioma also known as the primary peritoneal mesothelioma, is the origin of the peritoneal epithelium and intergovernmental organizations skin tumors. This disease than men pleural mesothelioma rare slightly higher than women. Benign mesothelioma often single, multi-uterine tubal at the top of the peritoneum, other parts of rare. Malignant mesothelioma are often diffuse coverage for all or part of peritoneum.

Mesothelioma

Most of malignant mesothelioma is due to long-term asbestos work in an environment of incoming asbestos or asbestos exposure to live in the family environment caused. In rare cases, exposure to asbestos or even one month may also lead to mesothelioma.
National Association of mesothelioma cancer is the definition: Mesothelioma is a rare find in the mesothelial cells of malignant cancer. Most of the patients suffering from mesothelioma due to asbestos floating work environment, thus arising from the inhalation of asbestos particles.

Mesothelioma often in the lung or abdominal membrane. Although the disease usually takes several decades in the post-exposure to asbestos form, but once there mesothelioma, it will spread very quickly and deteriorate.

Because mesothelioma and other symptoms of the disease is less Xiang Xiang, coupled with the onset of the disease for a long time interval, mesothelioma patients generally have to wait until after onset of disease symptoms can be felt. .


What is mesothelioma »


Pleural mesothelioma is pleural primary tumor, there are limitations of (mostly benign) and diffuse (all malignant) points. Which diffuse malignant mesothelioma to the chest tumor one of the worst prognosis.
The first symptoms of chest pain, coughing and shortness of breath was the most common. Have a fever, sweating or joint pain mainly v. symptoms. About half of patients over a large number of pleural effusion with severe shortness of breath. No large pleural effusion, chest pain often even more, common weight loss. Ordinary X-ray found that pleural effusion, and lung tumor was wrapped, and so on, have advanced cases can cause the heart pericardium exudate video to expand and soft tissue damage, such as video and ribs.

For suspicious of malignant pleural mesothelioma patients, CT check the most useful. Hydrothorax cytology also contribute to the diagnosis. Routine laboratory tests, some patients may have more platelets, serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), such as elevated. For routine examination not clear diagnosis can be done pleural thoracoscopic biopsy. General most patients can have access diagnosis.

The treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, is still no effective cure methods. Treatment, a surgical treatment, chemotherapy and radiation treatment, the tumor is generally believed that the relative limitations of the stage I patients, so radical that the pleural pneumonectomy. For Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ of patients, radical surgery has no meaning, only the purposes of palliative surgery

Most of morbidity in patients between the ages of 40-70, men more than women.

Mesothelioma causes


Is the main cause of mesothelioma patients to asbestos exposure. Approximately 70 - 80% of the diagnosis of mesothelioma patients exposed to asbestos at work in history. However, there are some mesothelioma patients do not have any records of contact with asbestos.
Asbestos fibers can be a lot to be dispersed into the air and minerals. Asbestos was widely used in many industrial products, including cement, gates lining, roof-tile, textiles and insulation materials.

If tiny asbestos particles floating in the air, particularly in the manufacturing process, they will be inhaled and cause serious health problems.

In addition to mesothelioma, the asbestos exposure increased lung cancer, asbestos calmly disease (noncancerous, chronic lung disease) risk, and other cancers, such as jets and kidney cancer.

The combination of smoking and asbestos greatly increased air access with the risk of disease.

Mesothelioma exposure


Asbestos manufacturers as early as the 1970s ago to understand exposure to asbestos could lead to the risk of mesothelioma cancer, but they will this information as trade secrets to strictly control. The first exposure to asbestos on the reports in the mid-1960s. Even today, asbestos manufacturers are still long as possible hide the fact that the asbestos risk.

People long-term exposure to asbestos in the environment caused by inhaling asbestos mesothelioma of the risk to increase dramatically, but recent study found that even very short-term exposure to asbestos can also lead to the disease. In general, mesothelioma need 20 to 40 years before symptoms show, people usually aged between 50 to 70 were diagnosed with this disease.

Although the reported rate in the past 20 years has increased, mesothelioma is still a relatively rare cancer. The United States each year there are about 2,000 new mesothelioma was diagnosed cases.