Malignant pleural mesothelioma frequently asked questions

Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a particularly lethal form of cancer, the incidence is rising throughout the world. Although malignant pleural mesothelioma with the common tumors such as prostate or breast cancer compared to little attention, but so that patients and their families have paid a heavy price. While traditionally the disease is generally considered non-save, but the trend is changing.



What is malignant pleural mesothelioma?



Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a lung cancer of the pleura, or envelope. Because of its location in the body's anatomy, the tumor growth can squeeze the lung and chest located in the middle of the shift anatomy, including the heart and airway. It should be noted that tumor growth can expand the oppression diaphragm so that breathing is restricted dynamics.



What led to the malignant pleural mesothelioma?



Malignant pleural mesothelioma major risk factor for asbestos exposure, many years ago when not yet aware of the dangers of asbestos, many engaged in the transportation, mining and the insulation industry through the work of the people exposed to asbestos fibers, but not only in direct contact with asbestos The men and women, the report showed that through the touch of a relative uniform indirect exposure to asbestos have also taken place in the family of malignant pleural mesothelioma.



Disease manifested How long will it take?



The typical time needed 20-40 years to the performance of malignant pleural mesothelioma have a long incubation period.



How common disease?



The United States each year there are about 3,000 new cases, all in all global annual incidence of about 10000-15000 cases of patients. The disease incidence in the United States may have reached a peak, the main reason the United States in the early 1970s on the issue of the ban on asbestos, but in Europe, to reduce asbestos exposure to the efforts of the backward 10 years, began the destruction of all the cleaning and Asbestos materials were late to work a lot, so will the incidence in 2010 reached a peak in Europe.



In patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma is a typical example of what?



Almost all patients in the initial diagnosis of pleural mesothelioma on with some of the symptoms of cancer - usually severe pain, shortage of breath, fatigue and weight loss. Most of the patients symptoms occur more generally of a sudden and gradual deterioration of the development of up to the bedridden patients and the loss of day-to-day activities.

Stressed the need for mesothelioma is the most serious symptoms of pain, many nerve endings located in the pleura, because of the tumor growth, achieved incredible pain, pain can be so severe that patients often wake up from sleep. In addition, the tumor is located in the lungs - lung cancer squeeze or oppression, restrictions on mobility diaphragm - so that patients can not breathe right.

Diffuse malignant mesothelioma

"Treatment"



Until today, for malignant pleural mesothelioma Shangfu effective treatment, but after treatment in one way or another, have a small number of patients live at home and abroad over 5 years, up to 22 years, most people think may be related to natural tumor survival And the stage. Butchart by stages, malignant pleural mesothelioma is divided into four phases (Table 1).



According to the clinical manifestations, ⅰ period E-malignant pleural mesothelioma may have long-term survival, it is suggested that these patients for radical resection of lung pleura. On ⅱ, ⅲ ⅳ period and the E-pathology and other types of cases, both dead and the government to adopt radical or palliative operation and the use of chemotherapy and radiotherapy effect or not, after treatment the survival curve is basically the same, the average survival time of 18 months, about 10% of the cases have been living for 3 years.



Table 1 malignant pleural mesothelioma clinical stage of tumor confined to the period ⅰ parietal pleura, the only side involved pleura, lung, pericardium and mediastinal tumor invasion period ⅱ chest wall or mediastinal structures involved, that is, esophagus, heart and the opposite pleura. Only in the chest lymph node involvement (n2) ⅲ period of peritoneal tumor through the diaphragm involved, violations of the opposite pleura and chest bilateral, involving the lymph nodes in the chest outside ⅳ period of blood-borne distant bone metastases



1. Palliative treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma patients, needle aspiration will occur very soon after, with chemical agents into the pleural cavity, resulting in pleural adhesions, the majority of patients with pleural effusion under control, so pleurodesis If it fails or To be in line diagnosis of the patient's chest, should consider doing pleural endarterectomy.



Malignant pleural mesothelioma can puncture holes along, the home of the chest and thoracic incision channel disseminated, but the skin caused by sediment rarely cause symptoms and therefore do not have treatment, if given the treatment of patients, which can also serve as subcutaneous nodules Observation of the efficacy of indicators.



Malignant pleural mesothelioma patients with chest pain is the most difficult to deal with the symptoms, particularly in the late, sustained non-stop all day, without radiation reaction, should be given enough sedative analgesics, including opiates agents in order to alleviate pain, a peaceful transition to life in the last moment .



2. There are a variety of surgical treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma surgery, is the first expansion of pleural pneumonectomy, that is radical resection of the involved were part of the chest wall, the whole lung, diaphragm, mediastinal and pericardial. This procedure applies only to ⅰ period features E-malignant pleural mesothelioma cases. Serious heart and lung damage is contraindication of this technique. 4 intercostal do a standard posterolateral thoracotomy incision will be tough and pleural thickening of the wall and the tumor nodules together, blunt dissection from the chest wall, this will cause extensive bleeding, oppression, and electrocautery Carefully suturing completely stop bleeding. Then, mediastinal pleura from the top of the hilar separated from the trachea removal of lymph nodes. In front of the apex in the level of internal mammary artery ligation and vein, the former chest wall and the removal of these blood vessels and pleura can be seen all along the lymph nodes. In the back, the removal protuberans trachea and esophagus next to the area lymph nodes. From behind the left side of the corresponding part of the pericardial incision. At this point decided to cut lung resection or first diaphragm, which depends on the order of the tumor site and its extension. Cross-sectional and hilar vascular and bronchial and treatment as any in the pericardial (of expansion) as pneumonectomy. Unlike the lower part of the pleura diaphragm low as can be free in the pleura, the outer fold in the lower part of the pleura diaphragm removed. In order to fully exposed, there are generally the same side in the 8 to 10 for the 2nd intercostal incision. As a result of surgery patients in the home side, the removal of the diaphragm, the liver tends to shift to the mediastinum, the oppression of the inferior vena cava, resulting in heart rate and blood flow obstacles. After the removal of the diaphragm, the defect can be used maxlex network Dilun or silica material to repair, it was used to repair spinal. No matter which materials and technology, must not be missed tight to prevent the effusion of blood or chest by the farmers would flow into the abdominal cavity; should be used for suture, the diaphragm will be a substitute for a strong suture remnants of the edge of the diaphragm, so that intra-abdominal organs can not be Into the hernia or into the chest cavity. Guan chest chest tube should be connected to the suction device to attract. To expand pleura of the lung resection surgery mortality rate of 10% to 25%, but the effect is no less than pleural resection, and therefore does not recommend wider use.



The second measure surgeon for the treatment of pleural resection, non-radical surgery, the tumor often tired following their lungs. This surgery does not improve patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma survival, but seems to be able to control the pleural effusion, to improve the patient's quality of life. In addition, the malignant pleural mesothelioma caused by chest pain, and sometimes in remission after removal of the pleura, the membrane static suspected malignant mesothelioma cases, intended for the diagnosis of thoracic biopsy should be considered at the same time do pleural resection. There are a large number of pleural effusion, and chemical pleurodesis failure of the case, it may consider doing pleural resection. From the above, the pleural resection is a palliative operation, with the aim of parietal pleura and the removal of some of the visceral pleura, to prevent the recurrence of pleural effusion and reduce the symptoms of chest pain. General rule for the 6th intercostal posterolateral thoracotomy incision, blunt or sharp-free by wall and part of the tumor involvement of the visceral pleura, respectively, from the chest wall and lungs removed after the separation, this will cause a result of heat caused by spinal cord or arm Plexus damage to the spine in the peri-top chest to remove the tumor, it is best to use high-frequency argon knife. In particular to be careful to keep at the top of the chest and mediastinum area of nerves and blood vessels, as far as possible to remove the tumor, to reduce its volume, in favor of postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Chi Bi surgery closed thoracic drainage suction.



3. Anthracycline chemotherapy agents are considered effective for malignant pleural mesothelioma, followed by cisplatin, mitomycin C, cyclophosphamide, fluorouracil, methotrexate, Vindesine, and so on, the current use of , Anthracycline-based chemotherapy integrated. In recent years, the statistics at home and abroad in order to adriamycin-based chemotherapy, with a total effective rate was 20%, of which Afghanistan is good new alkali (cao); non-anthracycline treatment of a variety of general efficiency 21% of which is better mitomycin plus cisplatin (mp). Cisplatin increase the dose methotrexate. Chemotherapy continued until did not aggravate the disease so far.
4. Radiotherapy external radiation therapy for malignant pleural mesothelioma is very disappointing, but the expansion of external radiation therapy is considered effective, can alleviate some of the cases of chest pain and control of pleural effusion, but the disease itself has no ill effects. 40gy in vitro exposure to more than palliative effect, 50 ~ 55gy irradiation remission rate of 67%, a small number of patients survive 5 years, but almost all patients still die of recurrence or metastasis.



Brachytherapy on a small number of malignant pleural mesothelioma have a reaction, and a small number of patients with long-term effect, it appears that there is a ray of hope. The main use of radioactive isotope is gold, covered with serous cavity of the cell have affinity, particularly suitable for the treatment of diffuse tumors, such as mesothelioma. The main effect of treatment as a result of the radioactive β plasmid, and its ability to penetrate up to 2 ~ 3mm, for the most effective cancer early, it is difficult to find early cases of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Application of colloidal gold 198 years ago into the pleural cavity, there is live over 5 years a small number of cases because of difficulties in protection, at present there are only a few applications.



Comprehensive treatment and surgery or radiation isotope 132i, 192ir, 32p and the cavity after implantation of radiation plus chemotherapy in vitro, and other measures are no long-term cure.



5. Comprehensive treatment in recent years, integrated treatment measures in the pleural pneumonectomy letter cap and chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide 600mg/m2, Adriamycin 60mg/m2,, cisplatin 75600mg/m2, continuous treatment with 5 Each course of treatment interval of 3 weeks). After the original tumor site or location of the residual tumor 55gy for in vitro irradiation. Analysis of 53 cases of patients to receive treatment, the perioperative complication rate of 17%, 5.8% operative mortality. The average survival time of 16 months (1 to 8). 31 cases of patients with E-1, 2, 3-year survival rate was 7%, 50% and 2%; and mixed-sarcoma patients 1, 2-year survival rate after 4.5% and 7.5%, none of living Over 25 months. Local mediastinal lymph node metastasis survival time than those without lymph node short, E-lymph node-negative, the 5-year survival rate was 45%, so early treatment is important.



"Etiology"



All types of asbestos fibers, and almost all of the pathogenesis of mesothelioma, but the danger of fiber self-sufficiency is not the same, is the most dangerous Qingshi contact with asbestos, the danger is minimal contact with asbestos Huang. First contact with asbestos-induced disease incubation period is generally between 20 to 40 years, the incidence of mesothelioma and asbestos exposure time and in direct proportion to the seriousness of.



In the atmosphere, such as hair zeolite content, such people inhalation of silica zeolite powder, which can cause mesothelioma. Has also been reported after radiation exposure caused by pleural mesothelioma cases from radiation exposure was found to suffer from pleural mesothelioma time for 7 to 36 years, an average of 16 years. Nitrosamines, glass fiber, hydrocyanic acid, thorium oxide, beryllium and other lung diseases (such as tuberculosis and chemical substances and lipid aspiration pneumonia), can lead to pleural mesothelioma.

Peritoneal mesothelioma

Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma, also known as primary peritoneal mesothelioma, is the origin and peritoneal mesothelium cell tumor of the organization. This rare disease than pleural mesothelioma, slightly higher than the male of female. And the cause of asbestos exposure, the incidence of contact with a long interval, often more than 30 years. Benign mesothelioma often single, located in the fallopian tubes, uterus at the top of the peritoneum, rarely seen in other parts of the body. Malignant mesothelioma is often diffuse, covering all or part of the peritoneum.



【Diagnosis】

1. A history of unexplained abdominal pain question, abdominal distension and gastrointestinal disorders, abdominal pain can be expressed as diversification, but the intractable abdominal pain is a common feature of. The high incidence of ascites in more than 90%, may be in a short period of abdominal pain after the sudden appearance of ascites, ascites, but can also occur in the early alone. Amount of ascites and more stubborn. Body in a fairly long time, very few changes in appetite can be maintained, no weight, no fever, can sometimes occur spontaneously hypoglycemia. Can be accompanied by chest pain, difficulty breathing, coughing, and other symptoms of pleural mesothelioma.



2. Medical examination found that bulging belly or abdomen Frog was, mobility voiced positive; abdominal palpation can reach the size range of single or multiple tumor, the general was not obvious tenderness. As with pleural mesothelioma, pleural effusion can be found positive signs.



3. B laboratory and ultra-CT examination, the thin sheet can be found in tumor images and ascites. For ascites effusion, but also for the courage and uprightness. Ascites, such as hyaluronic acid to increase 120ug/ml, useful for diagnosis. Ascites find new biological value of diagnosis with mesothelioma cells can also be skin cells of ascites in the middle of chromosome analysis, contribute to the diagnosis. Laparoscopic peritoneal found can be seen on the surface covered with plaques and nodules, and biopsy examination can confirm the diagnosis. And the need to pay attention to tuberculous peritonitis, peritoneal metastases with identification.

How to diffuse mesothelioma treatment?

Until today for malignant pleural mesothelioma have not yet effective treatment, but after treatment in one way or another, have a small number of patients live at home and abroad over 5 years up to 22 years, most people think may be related to natural tumor survival and sub - The relevant period. Butchart according to the stages of malignant pleural mesothelioma is divided into four phases (Table 1).



According to the clinical phase Ⅰ E-malignant pleural mesothelioma may have long-term survival, it is suggested that these patients for radical resection of lung pleura. Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ of the period and E-pathology and other types of cases, both dead and the government to adopt radical or palliative operation and the use of chemotherapy and radiation treatment efficacy or otherwise of the survival curve is basically the same, the average survival time for 18 months About 10% of patients survive beyond the 3-year



Table 1 of malignant pleural mesothelioma clinical stage

Phase Ⅰ tumors confined to the parietal pleura only involved the same side pleura, lung, pericardium and mediastinal

Phase Ⅱ tumor chest wall or structure that is involved mediastinal esophagus, heart and the opposite pleura. Only in the chest lymph node involvement (N2)

Phase Ⅲ tumor through the diaphragm involved pleural and peritoneal violation of the opposite sides in the chest, involving the lymph nodes in the chest outside

Ⅳ period of blood-borne distant bone metastases



1 palliative treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma patients, needle aspiration will occur very soon after, with chemical agents into the pleural cavity caused by pleural adhesions, the majority of patients with pleural effusion under control, so if pleurodesis failure or to be Line diagnostic thoracotomy patients should consider doing pleural endarterectomy.



Malignant pleural mesothelioma can puncture holes along the channel's own chest and thoracic incision disseminated, but the skin caused by sediment rarely cause symptoms and therefore do not have to be given treatment if the treatment of patients, the skin as nodule can also observe the effect Indicators.



Malignant pleural mesothelioma patients with chest pain is the most difficult to deal with the symptoms late in the particularly serious and continuing non-stop all day, without radiation therapy response should be given adequate sedation analgesics, including opiates agents in order to alleviate pain, a peaceful transition to life in the last moment



2 At present, surgical treatment of a variety of surgical treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, is the first expansion of pleural pneumonectomy, that is radical resection of the involved were part of the chest wall the whole lung, diaphragm, mediastinal and pericardial this procedure applies only to Ⅰ E-period features of malignant pleural mesothelioma cases. Serious heart and lung damage is contraindication of this technique. 4 intercostal do a standard posterolateral thoracotomy incision will be tough and pleural thickening of the wall and the tumor nodules together, blunt chest wall from the spin-off, this can cause extensive bleeding oppression, electrocautery and suturing Carefully complete stop bleeding. And then mediastinal pleura from the top of the hilar separated from the trachea removal of lymph nodes. In front of the apex at the level of internal mammary artery ligation and vein, the former chest wall and the removal of these blood vessels and pleural together all the lymph nodes can be seen in the back, the removal protuberans trachea and esophagus next to the area lymph nodes. From behind the left side of the corresponding part of the pericardial incision at this time decided to cut lung resection or first diaphragm, which depends on the order of the tumor site and its extension. Cross-sectional and hilar vascular and bronchial treatment as any in the pericardial (of expansion) as pneumonectomy. Unlike the lower part of the pleura diaphragm low as can be free in the pleural pleural resection of the lower part of the diaphragm outside the fold. In order to fully exposed, there are generally the same side in the 8 to 10 for the 2nd intercostal incision as a result of surgery patients in the home side, the removal of the diaphragm, tend to the liver from mediastinal shift to the oppression of the inferior vena cava, and lead to heart Obstacles to the flow. Diaphragm defects after the removal of the available network Maxlex Dilun or silica material to repair, it was used to repair spinal. No matter which materials and technology must not be missed tight to prevent the effusion of blood or chest by the farmers would flow into the abdominal cavity; should be used for suture, the diaphragm will be a substitute for a strong suture remnants of the diaphragm so that the edge into the intra-abdominal organs or not Hernia into the chest cavity. Guan chest chest tube should be connected to the suction device to attract. To expand pleura of the lung resection surgery mortality rate of 10% to 25% but the effect is no less than pleural resection, and therefore does not recommend wider use.
The second measure surgeon for the treatment of pleural resection of this non-radical surgery, as a result of the tumor and its often tired following the lungs. This surgery does not improve patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma survival time but it seems able to control the pleural effusion, to improve the patient's quality of life. In addition malignant pleural mesothelioma caused by chest pain, and sometimes in remission after removal of the pleura, the membrane static suspected malignant mesothelioma cases intended for the diagnosis of thoracic biopsy should be considered at the same time do pleural resection. Pleural effusion and a large number of chemical pleurodesis failure of the case, it may consider doing pleural resection. From the surgery is described in the pleural palliative operation, with the aim of parietal pleura and the removal of some of the visceral pleura, pleural effusion to prevent recurrence of symptoms of chest pain and reduce the general rule for the 6th intercostal posterolateral thoracotomy incision, blunt or sharp Free-wall and part of the tumor was extended to the visceral pleura, respectively, from the chest wall and lungs removed after the separation of this cause as a result of heat caused by spinal cord or nerve plexus damage in the spinal peri-top chest to remove the tumor, it is best to use high Argon-frequency knife in particular to be careful to keep at the top of the chest and mediastinum area of nerves and blood vessels, as far as possible to remove the tumor, will help reduce the volume of postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Chi Bi surgery closed thoracic drainage suction.



3 anthracycline chemotherapy agents are considered effective for malignant pleural mesothelioma, followed by cisplatin, mitomycin cyclophosphamide, fluorouracil, methotrexate Vindesine, and so on, the current use, anthracycline Class-based chemotherapy integrated in recent years, statistics at home and abroad in order to adriamycin-based chemotherapy, with a total effective rate was about 20% of which is good new alkali Afghanistan (CAO); non-anthracycline treatment of a variety of The total effective rate of 21%, which is better mitomycin plus cisplatin (MP). Cisplatin increase the dose methotrexate chemotherapy continued until did not aggravate the condition so far.



4 external radiation therapy for malignant pleural mesothelioma radiotherapy very disappointed, but the expansion of external radiation therapy is considered effective, can alleviate some of the cases of chest pain and pleural effusion control of disease but the disease itself has no effect. There are more than 40Gy irradiation in vitro palliative effect, 50 ~ 55Gy irradiation remission rate of 67% of the small number of patients survive 5 years, but almost all patients still die of recurrence or metastasis.



Brachytherapy on a small number of malignant pleural mesothelioma have a reaction and a small number of patients with long-term effect, it appears that there is a ray of hope. The main use of radioactive isotope is covered with gold serous cavity of the cell have affinity, particularly suitable for the treatment of diffuse tumors, such as mesothelioma, the main effect of treatment as a result of the radioactive β plasmid, and its ability to penetrate up to 2 ~ 3mm, for the most effective cancer early, but very difficult to find early cases of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Application of colloidal gold 198 years ago into the pleural cavity, there is live over 5 years a small number of cases because of difficulties in protection, at present there are only a few applications.



Comprehensive treatment and surgery or radiation isotope 132I192Ir, 32P, as well as cavity after implantation of radiation plus chemotherapy in vitro, and other measures are no long-term cure



5 comprehensive treatment in recent years, integrated treatment measures in the pleural pneumonectomy letter and CAP chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide 600mg/m2 Adriamycin 60mg/m2,, cisplatin 75600mg/m2, continuous treatment with 5 per course of treatment Intervals for 3 weeks). After the original tumor site, or residual tumor location for the 55Gy irradiation in vitro. Analysis of 53 cases of patients to receive comprehensive treatment of perioperative complication rate of 17%, 5.8% operative mortality. The average survival time of 16 months (1 to 8 years) 31 cases of patients with E-1, 2, 3-year survival rate was 7% 50% and 2%; and mixed-sarcoma patients after two years of existence Rate of 45% and 7.5%, none survived 25 months there are local mediastinal lymph node metastases survive longer than those without lymph node metastases were short, E-lymph node-negative, the 5-year survival rate was 45% so early treatment is Important.

Diffuse mesothelioma check what should be done?

Conventional laboratory tests: in the course of the disease can be found thrombocythemia individual platelet reported as high as 1000 × 109 / L, serum CEA in some patients with elevated serum immunoelectrophoresis IgGIgA phenomenon IgM or higher, why not, Normal serum fetoprotein



Pleural effusion are particularly exposed to asbestos in the history of the patient should consider the quality of malignant pleural mesothelioma diagnosis. Chest CT can be diagnosed, the chest CT examination can determine the structure of bone or calcified pleural any damage when the diaphragm and chest wall tumor, the magnetic resonance imaging better than CT (Figure 1). Although pleural effusion cells smear wear chest and pleural effusion cell block biopsy sections can make the diagnosis of malignant, but it can not identify metastatic cancer and malignant pleural mesothelial Liu.
Figure 1 Magnetic resonance: the lower right chest wall malignant pleural mesothelioma



Lower left lung under paragraph dorsal visceral has malignant pleural mesothelioma (surgery confirmed)



In the past 10 years has developed a 3 technology is relatively sure that this will help make a diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma. 3 This technique is based on periodic acid - Schiff staining liquid to do in order to keratinocytes and CEA for peroxidase immune electron microscope examination and inspection for the purpose of these inspections, the biopsy specimens must be used immediately in sexual music Marin liquid fixed, another small tumor biopsy specimens in the doomed glutaraldehyde solution for the use of electron microscopy



Periodic acid - Schiff stain (PAS) is the only reliable method of chemical organizations can identify malignant pleural mesothelioma and adenocarcinoma, although a variety of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the characteristics are different, but the starch in the digestive enzyme after the strong positive air Bubbles can be diagnosed with malignant pleural mesothelioma and not adenocarcinoma.



Immune peroxidase antibody technology is the use of the role of keratinocytes in protein and CEA (CEA) is also an effective method to distinguish between malignant pleural mesothelioma in metastatic adenocarcinoma. On the CEA for immune peroxidase stain and the stain of malignant pleural mesothelioma generally not very light coloring on the contrary, adenocarcinoma of the middle and strong staining. In addition to immune peroxidase on the keratinocytes study also showed that cancer and mesothelioma have significant differences. 8 have been found signs can be used to identify: tumor glycoprotein 72 (B72.3), Leu-Mi, Vimentin-modulating thrombosis, the sticky protein component, the cancer antigen positive for adenocarcinoma 100% sensitivity and specificity As the CEA often false-negative test, it is the best choice of two tumor markers, in general, such as the use of CEA and B72.3 both positive for adenocarcinoma of the specificity of 100% and 88% sensitivity; if both Negative, mesothelioma 100% and specificity of 97% sensitivity.



Electron microscope examination of the identification of malignant pleural mesothelioma and metastatic adenocarcinoma also use malignant pleural mesothelioma from lung, breast and upper gastrointestinal cancer is the source of its surface microvilli long and thin, and there are branches Wire tension than the rich, no microvilli of the small root-and-chip installed; from ovarian and endometrial metastatic adenocarcinoma of the inherent deformation organizations, including the mucin-rich droplets large number of cilia, intensive nuclear particles, these changes In stromal tumor does not exist adenocarcinoma of the rough and short hair.

Peritoneal mesothelioma

Overview: What is peritoneal mesothelioma

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Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma, also known as primary peritoneal mesothelioma is at the origin of peritoneal mesothelial and epithelial tumors of the Organization of pleural mesothelioma, a rare disease than men slightly higher than the cause of women and the incidence of asbestos-related contacts and contacts between the very Often in the long years of benign mesothelioma as a single more often located in the fallopian tube at the top of the uterus in other parts of rare malignant peritoneal mesothelioma is often diffuse to cover all or part of the peritoneal

Cause: peritoneal mesothelioma caused by reasons

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No information

Symptoms: The clinical performance of peritoneal mesothelioma

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. A history question



Unexplained abdominal pain, bloating and abdominal pain, gastrointestinal disorders may be diversification for the performance of the intractable abdominal pain, but their common feature of the high incidence of ascites in the% may be in a short period of abdominal pain after the sudden appearance of ascites, but ascites Is also available on the early emergence of a separate multi-volume ascites and stubborn body in a fairly long time, very few changes in appetite can be maintained without wasting no fever can sometimes occur spontaneously hypoglycemia can be difficult to cough accompanied by chest pain and respiratory symptoms such as pleural mesothelioma



. Medical examination found



Rana was bulging stomach or abdomen mobility voiced positive; abdominal palpation can reach the size range of single or multiple tumor-like tenderness was not obvious, such as pleural mesothelioma with pleural effusion can be found that the positive signs

, Introduced a complete>>

Inspection: What to do peritoneal mesothelioma should check

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Ultra-B and CT examination can be found in thin sheet, and ascites ascites tumor image for the effusion can be as bloody ascites in hyaluronic acid to increase as ug / ml for the diagnosis of ascites help find new biological mesothelioma cells Diagnosis may also have value among ascites of skin cells contribute to the analysis of chromosomes found Laparoscopic diagnosis of peritoneal can be seen on the surface covered with plaques and nodules biopsy can confirm that inspections should pay attention to the diagnosis of tuberculosis peritonitis and peritoneal metastases with identification

Complications: peritoneal mesothelioma, which will cause complications

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No information

Treatment: The treatment of peritoneal mesothelioma

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As the effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy are not satisfied with some reports in recent years, treatment with Adriamycin% of the cases have extended the deadline to survive but also to the report that was also null and void by the immune treatment as needed to observe progress in the years after diagnosis to death

Comprehensive treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma new method

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a substantive, local invasive tumors, and is closely related to asbestos exposure. If untreated, its survival in 4-12 months. The tumor on the poor response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, surgery is the most effective treatment. Currently in the United States each year 3,000 new cases of fat in patients with MPM is expected in the United States and Europe, the incidence of the disease at the summit appeared in 2020. The prognosis of the disease depends on the time of diagnosis of the tumor stage, histological type, lymph node status and the margin. Despite the diagnosis often expected to be delayed, but early intervention therapy can improve life expectancy. Loyola University of Chicago Medical Center, Dr. Neragi-Miandoab S for the treatment of the disease were analyzed. The results showed that a single therapy for MPM to change the natural history and to no avail. As a result, medical personnel began to consider a joint operation, including radiotherapy, chemotherapy or immunotherapy, the combined treatment. Combination therapy is already showing good results, especially for epithelial tissue, the negative margin and outside the pleura of metastasis in patients with better results. Cisplatin and mitomycin C for control of distant recurrence of the tumor has a certain effect. Research also showed that cisplatin and gemcitabine, as well as the treatment of cisplatin / pemetrexed after 54Gy supporting the use of hemi-thoracic radiation therapy can improve the prognosis

Mesothelioma treatment

The most common method of mesothelioma treatment include:

Surgical treatment of mesothelioma

The whole operation known as the lungs, pleural mesothelioma, can be used to clear lung disease involved. Extravascular lung pleura, as the spread of the disease may have involved the removal of which part of the diaphragm, and lung. There is such a high surgical risk factors, its viability depends on The patient's overall health, smoking habits and asbestos exposure. Pleura endarterectomy is another type, you can use, here's part of the Community Chest and abdominal lining surrounding tissue may be removed.

Radiotherapy mesothelioma

Radiation therapy, so that treatment does not benefit the disaster area so that the health of cells and tissues, and the other treatment for the treatment of mesothelioma. This is a commonly used method of fast, as well as many types of cancer mesothelioma. Placement of radioactive sources through the affected area and then Sending radiation to kill abnormal cells. Radiation continues to send about a year, working to destroy the tumor. Radiotherapy may be surgery if the patient is not enough to surgery alone.

Chemotherapy in the treatment of mesothelioma

Chemotherapy can be administered in the form of pill or injection. Disadvantage is that chemotherapy drugs can contain high levels of toxicity, so very sick patients. Side effects including nausea, vomiting, hair loss, weight loss, physical fatigue. There are a number of post-secondary chemotherapy drugs, To alleviate the side effects of chemotherapy. Due to the chemotherapy drug, without reference to specific areas to enable them to leave their bodies to find the way to disaster areas. This means that they can affect the cells, the disease can not again cause side effects.

Palliative treatment of mesothelioma (mesothelioma)

Palliative therapy can also be used in patients with mesothelioma. These treatments cause excessive bleeding liquid from the patient through the use of needles, straw. In order to prevent further fluid can be fed through the drug to the chest tube drainage following flow.

Malignant pleural mesothelioma frequently asked questions

Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a particularly lethal form of cancer, the incidence is rising throughout the world. Although malignant pleural mesothelioma with the common tumors such as prostate or breast cancer compared to little attention, but so that patients and their families have paid a heavy price. While traditionally the disease is generally considered non-save, but the trend is changing.



What is malignant pleural mesothelioma?



Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a lung cancer of the pleura, or envelope. Because of its location in the body's anatomy, the tumor growth can squeeze the lung and chest located in the middle of the shift anatomy, including the heart and airway. It should be noted that tumor growth can expand the oppression diaphragm so that breathing is restricted dynamics.



What led to the malignant pleural mesothelioma?



Malignant pleural mesothelioma major risk factor for asbestos exposure, many years ago when not yet aware of the dangers of asbestos, many engaged in the transportation, mining and the insulation industry through the work of the people exposed to asbestos fibers, but not only in direct contact with asbestos The men and women, the report showed that through the touch of a relative uniform indirect exposure to asbestos have also taken place in the family of malignant pleural mesothelioma.



Disease manifested How long will it take?



The typical time needed 20-40 years to the performance of malignant pleural mesothelioma have a long incubation period.



How common disease?



The United States each year there are about 3,000 new cases, all in all global annual incidence of about 10000-15000 cases of patients. The disease incidence in the United States may have reached a peak, the main reason the United States in the early 1970s on the issue of the ban on asbestos, but in Europe, to reduce asbestos exposure to the efforts of the backward 10 years, began the destruction of all the cleaning and Asbestos materials were late to work a lot, so will the incidence in 2010 reached a peak in Europe.



In patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma is a typical example of what?



Almost all patients in the initial diagnosis of pleural mesothelioma on with some of the symptoms of cancer - usually severe pain, shortage of breath, fatigue and weight loss. Most of the patients symptoms occur more generally of a sudden and gradual deterioration of the development of up to the bedridden patients and the loss of day-to-day activities.

Stressed the need for mesothelioma is the most serious symptoms of pain, many nerve endings located in the pleura, because of the tumor growth, achieved incredible pain, pain can be so severe that patients often wake up from sleep. In addition, the tumor is located in the lungs - lung cancer squeeze or oppression, restrictions on mobility diaphragm - so that patients can not breathe right.



How to diagnose the disease?



The main result of patients with respiratory symptoms is usually the Bureau of lung doctor, will be x-ray, CT scan and then further to provide x-ray than the more accurate diagnosis, a typical performance envelope thickening of the pulmonary for, up to normal 20 times, generally diagnosed with mesothelioma.

Then, the patient will accept the examination, as a general-assisted thoracic or fine-needle aspiration, through careful observation under a microscope for diagnosis of the organization is not an easy task, histology from the point of view there are 10-20% of the diagnosis of mesothelioma have been misdiagnosed. Combination of CT scanning, organizational diagnosis of cancer doctors to help clear diagnosis of mesothelioma.

Another key is to diagnose disease in stages, that is, what kind of tumor is in progress, unfortunately, 75% of mesothelioma patients with the diagnosis, it was already very late 3 or 4.



What is the traditional treatment plan?



In the past few decades, cancer doctors using a variety of different chemotherapy drugs in patients with the treatment of mesothelioma, but in fact failed to show an effective cancer, chemotherapy or joint use of new drugs targeting the disease for more than 50 clinical Study did not show the extension of survival. So far there is no control, through well-designed studies have shown that the drug can change the course of the disease.



Can choose whether surgery or radiotherapy?



Radiation can be used for pain relief, but it can not be used as an effective treatment option, because of the nature of the disease and other widespread in the chest, the radiation can not focus on a specific target. If you give large areas of the body radiotherapy, adverse reactions will be very serious. On the other hand, is one of the few early surgery patients (I, II period), the only treatment option.



Can the disease be prevented?



The only way to the measures taken to avoid contact with asbestos, asbestos has been removed as a result, we believe that will reduce the incidence of mesothelioma. Of course, some people have this disease susceptibility, but we believe that the environment of asbestos exposure launched a series of cancer-causing incident.



Bishi, and questioned the Chinese brand-name-free system, there are a number of scholars and policy researchers. In the following years, questioned the Chinese brand-name-free system and the elimination of several waves of a few up.



However, the final push in the field of food-free system, the abolition of the Sanlu milk powder incident, three years after

Mesothelioma Information

Mesothelioma is a rare form of cancer, in which malignant (cancer) cells were found in the skin to protect SASAC said that covers most of the body's internal organs. Most people who develop mesothelioma work on the job, they inhaled asbestos particles.
What is a skin? The skin is a membrane covered and the protection of most of the internal organs of the body. It is composed of two layers of cells: 1 layer immediately surrounding organs; other forms of SASAC 1 around it. Paper produced by the lubricating fluid is released between these levels, so that the movement of organs (such as the beating heart and lungs expand and contract) to slide easily on adjacent buildings.

The skin has a different name, according to its location in the human body. Paper is the peritoneum, covers most of the organs in the abdominal cavity. Pleura is the membrane surrounding the lung and lines the chest wall. Cover to protect the heart and pericardium. Mesothelial organizations around the male reproductive organs known as vascular vaginalis testis. Serous membrane that covers the internal reproductive organs of the uterus in women.

What is Mesothelioma? Mesothelioma (cancer of the skin) is a disease, these cells become abnormal differentiation of skin without control or order. They can be in the vicinity of the invasion and destruction of tissues and organs. Cancer cells can also transfer (proliferation) from the original site to other parts of the body. In most cases, the beginning of mesothelioma, pleural or peritoneal. How common is mesothelioma? Although the report of an increase in incidence over the past 20 years, mesothelioma is still a relatively rare form of cancer. About 2000 new cases of mesothelioma diagnosed in the United States each year. The incidence of mesothelioma, often in men than in women and thus the risk increases with age, but the disease can occur in both men and women at any age.

What is a risk factor for mesothelioma? Working with asbestos is a major risk factor for mesothelioma. The history of asbestos exposure to the work reported in about 70% to 80% of all cases. However, mesothelioma has been reported in some individuals without any known exposure to asbestos.

Asbestos is the name of a group of naturally occurring minerals, as the masses of strong, flexible fiber can be divided into thin threads and woven. Asbestos has been widely used in many industrial products, including cement, brake, roof tile, flooring products, textiles, and insulation. If tiny asbestos particles floating in the air, especially in the manufacturing process, they may be inhaled or swallowed and can lead to serious health problems. In addition to mesothelioma, exposure to asbestos increases the risk of lung cancer, asbestos (a noncancerous, chronic lung disease), and other cancers, such as those of the larynx and kidney.

Smoking does not appear to increase the risk of mesothelioma. However, the combination of smoking and asbestos exposure significantly increased the risk of cancer in a person's air passages in lung cancer.

Who is the increased risk to develop mesothelioma? Asbestos has been used in commercial mining and, since the late 1800s. Its use has greatly increased during the Second World War. Since the early 1940s, millions of American workers have been exposed to asbestos dust. Initially, the risks associated with asbestos exposure do not know. However, the increased risk of developing mesothelioma was later found among shipyard workers, people, who in asbestos mines and factories, the production of asbestos products, workers in the heating and construction industries, and other businessmen. Today, the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (Osha) the limits of the acceptable level of exposure to asbestos in the workplace. People who work with asbestos wear personal protective equipment to reduce their exposure to risk.

And the risk of asbestos-related diseases increased, increasing the exposure to asbestos and longer exposure time. However, a number of individuals, only a brief development of mesothelioma risk. On the other hand, not all workers who are exposed to a lot, and the development of asbestos-related diseases.

There is some evidence that family members and others living with asbestos workers have an increased risk of developing mesothelioma and other asbestos-related diseases. This risk may be due to exposure to asbestos dust brought home on clothing and hair of asbestos workers. In order to reduce the exposure of the opportunity to family members to asbestos fibers, asbestos workers are usually required to shower and change clothes before leaving the workplace. What are the symptoms of mesothelioma? Mesothelioma symptoms may not appear until 30-50 years after exposure to asbestos. Shortness of breath and pain in the chest due to accumulation of fluid in the pleura are often symptoms of pleural mesothelioma. Peritoneal mesothelioma symptoms, including weight loss and abdominal pain and swelling due to fluid in the abdomen construction. Other symptoms of peritoneal mesothelioma may include bowel obstruction, coagulopathy, anemia, and fever. If the cancer has spread beyond the skin to other parts of the body, symptoms may include pain, difficulty swallowing, or swelling of the neck or face.

These symptoms may be caused by mesothelioma or by other, less serious conditions. It is very important to see a doctor for any of these symptoms. Only a doctor can make a diagnosis. Mesothelioma is diagnosed? Mesothelioma is often difficult to diagnose because symptoms similar to a number of other conditions. Started to review the diagnosis of the patient's medical records, including any history of asbestos exposure. A complete medical check-up may be the performance, including X-ray of the chest or abdomen and lung function tests. CT (or cat) scan or MRI may be useful. 1 CT scan is a series of detailed pictures of the area of the body created by a computer linked to X-ray machine. In MRI, a powerful magnet connected to the computer is used to make a detailed picture of the area of the body. To see these pictures on the monitor can also be printed.

Need for biopsy to confirm the diagnosis of mesothelioma. In a biopsy, a surgeon and medical oncology (the doctor who is an expert in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer) to delete the samples under a microscope examination by the pathologist. Biopsy can be taken in different ways, depending on the unusual situation of the district is located. If the cancer is in the chest, doctors may be the implementation of thoracoscopy. In the process, doctors, to make a small incision through the chest wall and thin, fluorescent tubes, known as the thoracoscopic to the chest between two ribs. Assisted thoracic surgery to allow doctors to see inside the chest and obtain tissue samples. If the cancer is in the abdomen, doctors may be the implementation of laparoscopy. Check the organization to obtain, doctors make a small opening in the abdomen and insert a special instrument called laparoscopic into the abdominal cavity. If these procedures do not have enough production, but also a wide range of diagnostic surgery may be necessary.

If the diagnosis is mesothelioma, doctors will be learning stage (or extent) of the disease. More involved in testing stages, carefully trying to find whether the cancer has spread and, if so, and part of the body. Knowing that stage of the disease and help doctors plan treatment.

Mesothelioma is described as localized if the cancer is found not only on the membrane surface where it originated. It was classified as advanced, if it has spread beyond the original membrane surface to other parts of the body, such as the lymph nodes, lungs, chest wall, or abdominal organs. Mesothelioma is how to deal with? Mesothelioma treatment depends on the location of the cancer, disease stage, as well as the patient's age and general health. Standard treatment, including surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. In some cases, the treatment of the combination of these.

Surgery is a common treatment for mesothelioma. Doctors may remove the part of the lining of the chest or abdomen and some surrounding tissue. Cancer of the pleura (pleural mesothelioma), the lungs may be removed in an operation known as pneumonectomy. Sometimes part of the diaphragm, the muscle below the lungs will help with breathing, is also deleted.

Radiation therapy, also known as radiation therapy involving the use of high-energy rays to kill cancer cells and reduce tumor. Radiation effects of cancer treatment, only treatment. Radiation may come from a machine (external radiation) or from the material produced by radiation through thin plastic tube into the local cancer was found (internal radiation therapy).

Chemotherapy is the use of anti-cancer drugs to kill cancer cells throughout the body. Most of the drug for the treatment of mesothelioma due to intravenous injection (intravenous, or IV). Doctors are also looking at the effectiveness of the chemotherapy directly into the chest or abdomen (intracavitary chemotherapy). In order to alleviate the symptoms and control pain, doctors may use a needle or small tube drainage liquid has been established in the chest or abdomen. Procedures to remove fluid from the chest is the so-called thoracentesis. To remove fluid from the abdomen is the so-called paracentesis. Drugs may be given through the tube in the chest to prevent more fluid from accumulating. Surgery and radiation therapy may also be helpful to relieve symptoms.

Is a new treatment for mesothelioma is it? Yes. Mesothelioma because it is very difficult to control, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) is sponsoring clinical trials (human studies), which is designed to search for new treatments and how to make better use of existing therapies. Before any new treatment can be recommended in general use, doctors conduct clinical trials to find out whether the treatment is safe and effective for patients with the disease. To participate in clinical trials is an important treatment for many patients with mesothelioma.

Gestational hypertension and heart disease led to the treatment of acute heart failure

Gestational hypertension and heart disease during pregnancy is unique to the disease, China's incidence rate of 9.4 percent, the majority of cases appear in a pregnancy had hypertension, proteinuria, and other symptoms of a small number of patients with hypertension during pregnancy for the development of heart disease leading to acute heart failure Pregnant women is the leading cause of death, on the diagnosis and treatment must actively accurate.

Gestational hypertension and heart disease during pregnancy is unique to the disease, China's incidence rate of 9.4 percent, the majority of cases appear in a pregnancy had hypertension, proteinuria, and other symptoms, a small number of patients with hypertension during pregnancy for the development of heart disease leading to acute heart failure Pregnant women is the leading cause of death, on the diagnosis and treatment must actively accurate.

1 clinical data

1.1 general information in August 2003 to August 2006 in our hospital treated five cases of gestational hypertension and heart disease leading to acute left ventricular failure patients, aged 24 to 30-year-old, four cases of early maternal, is the one case of maternal, pregnant 38 To 40 weeks, according to diagnostic criteria, "Obstetrics and Gynecology" version 6, in the end of active control of heart failure after birth mother recovered and discharged. Finishing the collection of medical education network

1.2 Treatment Methods seat, his legs , with oxygen masks and effective so that the arterial pressure (PO2)> 60 mmHg, morphine started to 2 ~ 8 mg intravenous if necessary, every 2 ~ 4 h repeat administration, Furosemide 40 mg +10% of 20 ml of intravenous glucose, Portland West and 0.2 ~ 0.4 mg +25% of 20 ml of intravenous glucose, 24 h does not exceed 0.8 mg, and pay attention to electrolyte balance, maintaining a certain level of potassium concentration, Hypokalemia should avoid the situation caused by digitalis poisoning; vasodilative drug commonly used SNP 25 mg +5% glucose infusion pump 250 ml to 10 μ g / min start typing, with an average 3 μ g / (kg min) to reduce the speed of the former Load.

Typical cases

Patients, 25-year-old, 40 weeks pregnant, December 25, 2003 due to pregnancy hypertension and heart disease leading to acute left ventricular failure hospitalization, Duanzuo breathing, pink bubble-like cough sputum collection of finishing medical education network. Investigations of: BP 160/120 mmHg, P 110 times / min, R 25 times / min. Cardiac auscultation: diastolic Benma law, can be heard at the end of Shuangfei and wet La Music, cyanosis, continuing the jugular Nuzhang. ECG Tip: sinus tachycardia, the left atrium and left ventricle, immediately to rescue heart failure treatment in a stable condition, will lower the end of the cesarean birth, hospital 15 days to recover and discharged.

3 discussion

Gestational hypertension diseases caused vasospasm, hypertension, peripheral resistance increased, myocardial contraction and increased ejection resistance, cardiac output decreased significantly, the cardiovascular system in a low-ranked high resistance, and ventricular function in a high-power status, coupled with Activation of endothelial cells to increase vascular permeability, vascular fluid into the cell, leading to myocardial ischemia, interstitial edema, or myocardial necrosis point bleeding, pulmonary edema, caused serious heart failure [1]. These patients with no previous signs and symptoms of heart disease, suddenly left the main symptoms of heart failure, often dry cough, night obviously, easily mistaken for upper respiratory tract infection and bronchitis, or delay treatment time. Therefore, the importance of timely diagnosis, early intervention and treatment to reduce heart load, mainly diuretic, cardiac drugs instead advocated by a small number of saturation, because this is the main reason for heart failure around the small arteries to increase resistance, water, sodium retention and blood viscosity Increase in early control of heart failure at the same time an emergency Cesarean section.

Fitness prevent women have Jiaqi

As women's physiological characteristics has its particularity. Therefore, women can prevent and fitness to seize the best, and often will be significantly enhanced the Qixiao. The best time to improve the physique of women have three. Poor physical condition of women, as long as can seize several key stages of a scientific tone, will greatly improve the physique.

Menarche period

This stage in the start-up of estrogen, women's Second Sex levy rapid growth and development, all systems are in great changes have taken place. During this period, if in a doctor's guidance, science and adjust the structure of meals and attention to physical activity will enable the constitution to "a higher level," the body's resistance will be greatly enhanced.

Pregnancy and the postpartum period

Because of pregnancy, childbirth, and other physiological processes will lead to female endocrine changes, which directly affect the size and physique. So if you want to change the overweight or too thin build and improve physical fitness, it must seize this godsend.

Menopause

Women after menopause, because estrogen levels in the changes, the body of the stress response become relatively slow, the balance of the body vulnerable to damage. This phase will focus on women such as nutrition, maintaining psychological balance, adhere to the laws of physical exercise, it will benefit your old age. Anti-fat women are three best part: The life of women in the three most vulnerable stage of obesity, few can in this time period controlling body weight, while not easy Bianpang. First, childhood. A survey data show that during the age of 10-13 who weight, to 30-year-old after the potbellied, the possibility of up to 8%. If this stage of normal weight, the possibility of future obesity will be reduced 60 percent. The second is 15 - 25 years of age. This is because fat cells 10 peak of prosperity, coupled with the large number of sex hormone secretion, increased appetite and food intake, so most vulnerable to obesity. Third, after 40 years of age. This stage of the women hypothalamus function, abdominal flu slow enough, so vulnerable to Tansi and obesity. 12-14 years old, calcium women were the best period of his life to calcium. For women, children aged 12-14 in the period of calcium most important, because this period is the direction and development of human bone sensitive period. U.S. researchers had the 94-year-old adolescent female 12-14 observation, found that taking 250 milligrams of calcium daily, the hardness of bone and bone density than those who do not calcium, to the age of 18 , The former high bone mineral density more than the latter six percent, and in the person's life, when 18-year-old state of the quality of bone are key to good bone status to be effective in preventing senile osteoporosis occurred, the A life-long beneficiary of calcium Junior said.

13-22 years old, female bodybuilding build the best view of experts that Calisthenics, creating the best time to shape the United States is young, in particular within the 3-year-old. At this point in the future is to build basic form, the fitness should start from childhood. However, the best time to improve the shape it is in the 13-22 years of age. Because the human body and the process of development, this stage of the human metabolism than exuberant, psychological pursuit of the United States have the desire and energy, malleable, so if this period to improve the training available to build a very good effect.

Premenopausal three years to one year in postmenopausal women to protect the best of heart disease in general, in pre-menopausal women at the heart of the situation is better than men, suffering from heart disease in recent years is very low, but its heart in postmenopausal victims of the possibility of Greatly increased. This was mainly due to heart disease is most closely connected with the serum cholesterol, from the natural menopause three years ago increased significantly since the beginning, and continued through natural menopause after one year. Therefore, in order to protect the heart, naturally menopausal women in the first three years should be tested regularly and started to control cholesterol, until one year after menopause, can not have the slightest paralysis. Menstrual period, the treatment of female pelvic inflammatory disease of the best female pelvic inflammatory disease is common gynecological diseases, treatment of menstrual period for the best time. Because women in the pelvic congestion throughout the menstrual period, and usually at this time given the same dose of the drug, distributed in the pelvic cavity with the flow of drugs will be more than usual, but also a direct role in the endometrium, etc., thereby enhancing the Efficacy. Specific treatment is: menstrual 1-2 days before the start medication, to a course of treatment for menstrual clean, about seven days around. Drugs used mainly to anti-inflammatory drugs, can also be used proprietary Chinese medicines.

Folic acid can prevent cardiovascular disease

Many studies show that folic acid can be used not only because of the lack of nutrition caused by the giant red blood cell anemia David, pernicious anemia Dengzheng, for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease also have a good effect.

Folic acid, also known as leaf refined, butterflies glutamic acid, vitamin BC, Vitamin M, belonging to B vitamins. Many studies show that folic acid can be used not only because of the lack of nutrition caused by the giant red blood cell anemia David, pernicious anemia Dengzheng, for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease also have a good effect.

Folic acid, homocysteine involved in cell metabolism. When in the lack of folic acid, homocysteine will result in high volume, thereby inhibiting endometrial endothelial cells caused respiratory damage, leading to cell uptake and lectin low-density lipoprotein, is a risk factor for arteriosclerosis. At the same time, in DNA synthesis of folic acid is essential nutrients, if the lack of DNA synthesis and repair will also be affected, thus forming arteriosclerosis. Note B vitamins intake, lack of folic acid to prevent the body is conducive to the early prevention of cardiovascular disease.

Folic acid is an essential nutrients. Human intestinal bacteria can be synthesized folic acid, but its capacity can not meet the requirements far. General normal dietary intake of folic acid by volume, although not to cause fewer giant red blood cell anemia David, but to control the high homocysteine levels, the daily intake of folic acid is not enough. Especially when the bad absorption, metabolic disorders or organizations need to increase, as well as long-term use of intestinal antibacterial drugs (such as sulfa), and other circumstances, can be caused by a lack of folic acid, attention should be paid to inspect and timely added. University of Washington study showed that increased intake of folic acid, can be avoided each year 49,500 people died of coronary heart disease. Clearly, enough folic acid for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease play an important role.

Milk, eggs do not contain folic acid. Folic acid from green vegetables, fruit, beans, yeast and animal liver, kidney and meat. From real life, people's inadequate intake of folic acid daily, this high incidence of cardiovascular disease is also one of the factors. European and American countries, such as the United States, Britain, France, Canada and so on folic acid compared to the nutritional supplements, such as France's animal fat intake, although more than Nordic people, but their coronary heart disease mortality rates were lower than the Nordic , The main reason is because the French intake of vegetables and fruits more reason. U.S. Health Board recommended in the general food intake, increased to strengthen food or folic acid supplement of folic acid directly. The United States has decided to strengthen all the food must contain folic acid composition, the Government of Canada also claimed to strengthen the added folic acid.

Synthetic folic acid is medicinal butterfly single-glutamate, solubility and absorption of folic acid than natural good. Medicinal folic acid tablets 5 mg per tablet, injection every 15 mg / ml. Compound folic acid per milliliter injection of 15 mg of folic acid, vitamin B1230 mg, 100 mg of nicotinamide. Oral folic acid tablets, each 5 to 10 mg a day three times; intramuscular injection of 15 mg per day 1, 20 to 30 days for treatment. The drug had no adverse reactions, but the injection can cause serious allergic reaction, it is not appropriate to use. Vitamin B1 and B2 can destroy the drug activity, Bunenghunhe use. Phenytoin, phenobarbital deoxy folic acid can inhibit the absorption, not the same clothes.

Therapeutic focus on medication. Peacetime should pay attention to fresh vegetables and fruit intake (more than 400 grams daily), an increase of dark green leafy vegetables, or the proportion of the attention and beans, meat intake appropriate, to ensure adequate folic acid and necessary The vitamin.

Do not detonate cardiac sudden death "time bomb"

So far, the definition of sudden death at home and abroad there is no uniform standard set by different scholars from the moment of death until 24 hours immediately have.

Four killers, the four friends

The formation of coronary heart disease and the four perpetrators of the four friends. The perpetrators quietly - hypertension; silent killer - hyperlipidemia; smile of the perpetrators - smoking; sweet murderer - diabetes. This four perpetrators Xinhenshoula and everyone can be an independent disease, but the appearance is very low key, not suffering from the symptoms, patients often do not consciously, until the sudden death. Four each of the perpetrators can increase the incidence of coronary heart disease doubled if the joint, then multiply. For example, high blood pressure to coronary heart disease rate was 2 times the original, and hyperlipidemia up to the original 2 by 2 or 4 times, and smoking is eight times, if you have diabetes, up to 16 times. So the patients must be fully integrated control can be effective.

Coronary heart disease are four friends, is a reasonable diet, regular exercise, quit smoking restrictions wine, psychological balance. This four friends of a joint, can reduce the incidence rate of 50% to 75%. Since the origin of coronary heart disease is a juvenile, is rooted in youth development in middle age, the incidence of chronic diseases in old age, so everyone has to Duojiaopengyou, far away from the perpetrators, but also to start small, from the trivial to do , From small local start.

Treat their health first

The world did not cause the sudden death. Sudden death in the original heart disease are usually on the basis of a number of incentives from priming is no means the result.

Clinically, about 3 / 4 of the sudden death of a certain incentives, about 1 / 3 in the incidence of sudden death two days ago with chest pain, chest tightness, Bieqi, flustered, extreme fatigue and other symptoms, early detection, early treatment or prevention of the rest can be Its occurrence.

There are many incentives, common Below are six kinds:

1. Continued excessive tension fatigue animal experiments have proved that the monkey was David, mental stress, lack of sleep can lead to atherosclerosis, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, sudden death. Recently an associate professor in a medical college for three consecutive days of office and laboratory work, extreme fatigue, dizziness stand up when a while, lying on the ground died. In the summer of continuous high temperature, the heat intolerable, there is a number of drivers who Guoduopilao, sudden death on the steering wheel. Therefore, it is not appropriate to promote avid day-to-day work, the sick, but should be one of a flip.

2. Daxitaibei, Dajing This is a great fear of various psychological disorders, the most common extra incentive, and some occurred at the time, some in a few hours or a day or two after. A middle-aged men, looking for a talk on leadership to explain its problems, despite Yuemingxingxi evening, but he did not sleep quite a night, the following morning when a sudden cardiac arrest. This is because the panic caused by psychological reactions, extreme panic, until the sudden death of arrhythmia.

3. Alcoholism and this meal can cause the heart to speed up the two, hypertension, myocardial oxygen consumption increased, induced arrhythmia. A real estate veterans, because of the higher authorities to visit, the excitement, while Jiuliang doubled, even late at night to drink liquor to two points, myocardial infarction at dawn, lost their lives. Alcohol can be induced atherosclerosis plaque rupture, is very dangerous factor.

4. Excessive movement of excessive exercise can damage the body, induced by sudden death, and immediate, than no exercise. An elderly, forced to move on, a Bieqi, cardiac arrest, despite emergency treatment saved their lives, has become a vegetative state. A cadre, usually playing tennis without any discomfort, a game, worked hard, sudden severe angina, a timely rescue after the Turning the Tide. Therefore, regular exercise to help people, wounding excessive movement, the campaign should vary from person to person, the move affordable. Remember the "three noes": no competition, Zheng Qiang, but quantity.

5. Haoyin cold summer days, Hao Yin ice drinks are also common in recent years, myocardial infarction incentives, the heart behind the esophagus, stomach below the heart, heart surface can be stimulated by the cold-induced coronary spasm. A 29-year-old youth, while working in a small store Haoyinbingpi one l, half an hour after the acute inferior myocardial infarction.

6. Two types of "triple death of the" first "winter morning, snow," the second is the "meal, alcohol, emotional." This sudden death six factors are incentives, once the joint together, the risk of greatly increased. This is why most countries in each of the days of sudden death is the most snow in the winter after the next morning, In addition, the meal, alcohol and even more exciting is a common combination of incentives sudden death.

Therefore, most cases of sudden death can be avoided, because health is to win out of the building out, nurtured, to defend them. Fundamentally speaking, a healthy lifestyle and healthy attitude is the key to 100 healthy life, and the keys in your hands.

Do not detonate cardiac sudden death "time bomb"

So far, the definition of sudden death at home and abroad there is no uniform standard set by different scholars from the moment of death until 24 hours immediately have.

The world did not cause the sudden death, sudden death is usually on the basis of the original heart by some incentives from priming, so --

Professor Hua Luogeng 1985 in Japan to give lectures at the sudden death of a heart attack at the podium; internationally renowned Canadian health education specialist physician Professor Xie Huazhen sudden death due to acute myocardial infarction in the road; April 8, 2004, Ericsson (China) president YANG Maizhi treadmill in the gym on the treadmill at the sudden death, only 54 years old on April 19, 2004, the United States McDonald's chairman and chief executive officer Jimu Kan Ta Lubo in the morning to participate in the meeting, due to the death of a heart attack, only 60; abroad a famous politician, in listening to the reports, because of emotional, 15 minutes after the sudden acute myocardial infarction, a few hours after death.

Sudden death is like Qingtianpili

So far, the definition of sudden death at home and abroad there is no uniform standard set by different scholars from the moment of death until 24 hours immediately have. A large international study of cardiovascular disease, "Monica" programme for international unity is defined as death within one hour, six hours and died within 24 hours killed three kinds, rather than collectively referred to as sudden death, so as to avoid confusion standards. Many diseases such as heart, brain and blood vessels, pancreatitis, strenuous exercise and so can cause sudden death. The main talk about non-traumatic, the accident cardiac death, the focus for one hour and six hours of death.

Shenglaobingsi such as flowers Whispering this is a natural phenomenon, but it is disease-free painless, die a natural death of apoptosis. The middle-aged disease, physical and mental torment, were two empty-pathological death often deplorable. If the sudden death of middle-aged, like Qingtianpili, regardless of their loved ones or to the community are great blow. Survey shows that: 43 in life, "life events", the top of the middle-aged widows, for 100 points (for the most serious), far more than jail (63 points), and if sudden death, but also to increase scoring, really Ganchangcunduan is indeed non-ordinary people can bear.

This can understand why the study by the sudden death of the ancient and modern scholars of common concern, until today, it is all important public health problem. As early as 2400, "Huang Di Nei Jing" has been "really…… in the heart of the Xi-death" of the records. Archaeologists found that Mawangdui in Changsha in 2100 before the Western Han Dynasty woman as anatomy, the left anterior descending coronary artery 95 percent stenosis, a stomach 138 melon-half, it was inferred that may be the first meal after the Lady Cardiac sudden death. And modern medicine, the first case of a clear medical history of the autopsy records of cardiac death is a British surgeon Hunt, his hot temperament, in a hospital in the academic discussion as a result of fierce quarrel was lying on the ground and died.

Sudden death of a clear "detonated" factors

Although cardiac death is Feilaihenghuo, but it is not for no reason at all, although the sudden, but not without a reason. Cardiac death in a certain internal and external factors pathology on the "outbreak" process, so it does not happen in a healthy heart, healthy people do not care. It should be said that this is a different everyone is extremely complicated and extremely detailed, some are yet to clear the process. But , cardiac sudden death understandable because "time bomb" (that is, the basic parameters) to "detonated operations" (that is induced by factors) of the common cause. They must be both, one can not do.

"Time bomb" what is it » It is within the coronary atherosclerosis and cardiac caused by different levels of ischemic state. As plaques of different sizes, different positions, different patterns, the number of different, but the most important thing is stability different, the results also lead to very different. Unstable plaque surface coated extremely thin, another lipid plaque within the blood flow shocks or vasospasm, easily broken; Some plaque is very thick, relatively stable and not easily broken. Plaque to narrow the blood vessels more than 70 percent or more can cause myocardial ischemia, but it needs to be years or decades of slow process, and once again a small plaque rupture, just a few minutes or hours, to the Coronary thrombosis caused serious or all of the plug, the formation of acute coronary syndrome, acute myocardial infarction or sudden death. This could explain why some several decades old patients with coronary heart disease is also a healthy lifestyle, there are no acute myocardial infarction, but instead some young patients with acute myocardial infarction or soon died, and some even had no symptoms, once the disease is sudden death . Plaque rupture is the main reason for acute myocardial infarction, but on the common clinical within 30 seconds immediate death was due to cardiac disorder caused by ventricular fibrillation (90%) or cardiac arrest (10%) caused by, The reason is that suddenly the mental, psychological or physical movement burden is too heavy, causing severe myocardial ischemia induced cardiac disorder, arrhythmia.

Special note here is that the coronary atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease and coronary heart disease with sudden death although a source, but it is very different level of the three stages. The bulk autopsy report, almost from the children can be seen from the aortic intima fat deposition, men over the age of 30 increased markedly accelerated the development of plaque, 40-year-old has close to 60 percent, over the age of 60 are about 80 percent of varying degrees Atherosclerosis. But the body has a strong stable compensatory function, even with these atherosclerotic plaques, but also does not mean that coronary heart disease. Clinically, coronary heart disease according to a number of parameters comprehensive diagnostic coronary angiography or at least a narrow trunk may be more than 50 percent of the diagnosis. Therefore, in relation to the existence of atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease patients much less. The real acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina and other cardiovascular events, every 500 to 2,000 people each year in the only one to the sudden death of which only 13 percent to 30 percent, even less.

Sudden death in patients with a clear majority "detonated" factors, of which Guoduopilao, emotional, mental stress, alcoholism, meal, strenuous exercise, cold, cold drinks mainly Haoyin. The large number of epidemiological investigation and research has demonstrated the basic pathological changes that "time bomb" is important, and induced factors "detonation" is played a key role. Fortunately, both of which are preventable.

Starting with small, less a "time bomb"

If there is no bomb, of course, security arsenal a lot of bombs, as long as the strict management, and will not explode, the same security; However, even if only one bomb, but not to fire, immediately trigger the explosion. This explains why coronary heart disease in low-risk population of young people in the sudden death or less, because of their atherosclerotic plaques less, or less bomb. In the elderly aged 70 or above, although many of them atherosclerosis plaque, or bombs, but also less sudden death. Because they will maintain their own, that is, strict management of arms, explosives less. The middle-aged, have a certain number of arterial plaque, because of tension, pressure, excessive alcohol and tobacco, non-maintenance, a result of the explosion, a high-risk population of cardiac sudden death.

Therefore, it is necessary to prevent sudden death from the start, reducing atherosclerosis occurred less-made bomb and the other is to be good at health, prevent the bomb detonated, the best is two-pronged approach.

From prevention to have much effect? » Nordic "1000 Lake of the country," Finland's North Galileo, as residents of the traditional meal in a large number of animal fat and cholesterol, coronary heart disease mortality in the world Duzhanaotou primary and secondary school students in the total of 1 / 3 thus lost their parents, After the Government to take the lead and vigorously to prevent. 20 years later, coronary heart disease mortality decline of more than half, the World Health Organization as "the dawn of the North Galileo." In developing countries, including China, due to prevention is not in place, the rising incidence of coronary heart disease, the younger age of onset, a sharp contrast. Therefore control "the first killer of" rampant, we must from the government, medical institutions and residents to grasp.

Congenital heart disease patients discharged from hospital after-care

Life of a law of congenital heart disease patients discharged from the body after relatively weak, attention should be paid and not watch TV and play too much, it is necessary to ensure adequate sleep, to maintain the appropriate temperature and humidity, family members and outsiders not to patients living in the bedroom absorption Smoke, in order to maintain fresh air, ventilation window every morning can be half an hour, when the window to Precautionary, time should not be too long.

Congenital heart disease patients discharged from hospital after treatment is the end, does not mean that the body recovered fully, so after discharge should take the following issues, do a good job in family care.

(1) a law of life; congenital heart disease patients discharged from the body after relatively weak, attention should be paid and not watch TV and play too much, it is necessary to ensure adequate sleep, to maintain the appropriate temperature and humidity, family members and outsiders do not live in patients The bedroom smoking, in order to maintain fresh air, ventilation window every morning can be half an hour, when the window to Precautionary, time should not be too long. If the unconditional bathing, water can be used wet cleaning, and maintaining clean skin. Discharged within three months, it is not appropriate to public places, to prevent infection.

(2) attention to food hygiene: patients after discharge to the attention of nutritional supplements, no special general taboo, but should eat foods high value Yi Xiaohua, such as lean meat, fish, eggs, fruits and various vegetables. Patients generally do not have to limit salt, complex deformity and heart function lower, after congestive heart failure who have continued to strictly control the salt intake, adult control in the 4-8 grams per day, children 2-4 grams, and to give Yi Xiaohua The Ruanshi, such as mixed Tun, noodles, rice porridge, and so on. Congenital heart disease patients to Shaosiduocan, food intake can not be Guobao, not overeating, so as not to increase the burden on the heart. Food should be fresh, in line with hygienic requirements, to prevent diarrhea illness increase. Children need to control snacks, beverages, not to eat dirty, expired or additives containing pigment and equipment with PPD more snacks.

(3) the attention of the appropriate activities: For a smooth operation, deformities satisfied with the rapid postoperative recovery of patients after discharge generally do not limit activities, in the heart function I, II class, under appropriate circumstances to do in daily life means The physical activity, the activity should not cause fatigue for the degree. Indoor activities should be after the first outdoor. The majority of patients after discharge without conditions change, three months later can go to school or work, light work of a gradual transition from normal work. If they feel tired or flustered shortness of breath should stop work, continue to rest. Preoperative cardiac function in patients III level and above, severe heart expand, patients with severe pulmonary hypertension, heart back to normal or normal longer period of time, not to hurry after discharge, attention should be paid to rest, and maintain physical strength, with the condition of appropriate activities, but Do not feel fatigue, so as not to increase the burden on the heart.

(4) discharged from hospital after treatment: simple congenital heart disease, postoperative recovery better, normal heart function, the general does not require the use of cardiac diuretics, complex deformities and severe pulmonary hypertension or poor heart function of patients according to the malformation Rectify the situation, under the guidance of doctors in the use of diuretics or cardiac blood vessel expansion drugs, patients should strictly follow doctor's orders medication, chaos can not be arbitrarily taken to avoid danger.

Let fetus from congenital heart disease

Her mother in early pregnancy to avoid a cold, such as attention to insulation and less to public places, especially around the small commercial buildings. It was detected, the better the commercial seal the air quality is very poor, which is the prevention of congenital heart disease in a significant measure.

Congenital heart disease (CHD) incidence rate higher, accounting for about births 8 ‰ -12 ‰. China's 2001 births there are about 150,000 cases. According to the latest statistics, newborns died of natural causes is the primary cause of congenital heart disease. Some newborns suffering from complex congenital heart defects, such as transposition of the great arteries (the two main artery of the anti-long, it should be connected with the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery connecting the left ventricle; should connect the aorta and left ventricle connected to the right ventricle) This disease is more common complex heart malformations, to be born within two weeks after doing a very big surgery, two artery-to come back. If missed the best time for surgery, the child can only wait for the dead. Thus the early diagnosis of congenital heart disease and treatment is very important, especially in complex congenital diseases. Currently, China's children with congenital heart disease in about 1 / 3 no access to timely treatment, living less than his first birthday.

China is able to treatment of complex congenital heart disease in young infants less the hospital, but mainly concentrated in some big cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing has the Children's Hospital, Ahn Jung Fuwai Hospital and the Hospital; Shanghai Children's Medical Center and a Pediatric Hospital; Guangzhou have cardiovascular disease research. Therefore, we should increase the degree of attention congenital heart disease, in particular the treatment of attention to the low age, low birth weight babies complex congenital heart defects. In this regard, China and the developed countries there is still a certain gap. Quantitative sense, the United States, 2001 to be about 300,000 cases of heart surgery, my only around 50,000 cases. It also includes 50,000 cases of acquired heart disease in adults, such as coronary heart disease, congenital heart surgery children accounted for about 50 percent, only about a year around 25,000 cases, which have 150,000 cases of the birth of children with congenital heart disease Comparison, there are significant deficiencies. In addition to the treatment of congenital heart disease hospitals and centres not enough, our country there are still a heavy burden of medical costs issue. Children with part of the family can not afford the cost of treatment. An ordinary children with heart disease, such as ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, cost of treatment is about 2 to 30,000, and complex deformity treatment may reach 50,000 or even more than 10 million. Large part of the family can not afford such a huge cost. Therefore, we appeal to the community of some enterprises, and other units to do some public welfare undertakings, to sponsor such a child. As a result, most children with their own benefit, social impact will be very large, the visibility of the enterprise, the impact is very good. Treatment of a ventricular septal defect in children, smoothly, needs 25,000 to 30,000 yuan, if an enterprise can be sponsored by 100,000 to 200,000 yuan, there will be 56 children receive timely treatment. While it is every year, some enterprises, companies and even individuals to contribute money to sponsor those who do not have the ability to cure heart disease children of families, but the relatively small number. Changchun is a Korean-run "Papa` S "fast-food company, has sponsored the 20 cases the majority of children with congenital heart disease treatment costs. To enable more children with congenital heart disease receive timely treatment, the company only sponsored a full treatment of children with congenital heart disease cost of 2 / 3, 1 / 3 are children with families of their own. Recently a complex congenital heart disease in young infants in Beijing Children's Hospital to accept the "one and a half ventricular repair" the operation (the child's right ventricular dysplasia, not be able to meet his heart, he was part of the right ventricle to the blood to Road, Directly to the pulmonary artery, even after another part of the right ventricle), spent a total of over 60,000 yuan, "PapaS" fast food companies take the more than 40,000 yuan, the first of the children have been recovered and were discharged. Now within the domestic 10-year-old waiting for the treatment of children with congenital heart disease in about 1 million, of which a large part due to family reasons, there are still some are not aware of this disease should be early treatment. Basically, no major cities in this situation, but in some remote areas far away from the big cities have such a situation, to the point that the child treatment, has actually missed the best time of surgery.

Direction

The treatment of domestic and overseas there is still a certain gap. Mainly in small babies, newborns complex congenital heart disease, the success rate. For example, to be in the neonatal period for the disease, China's treatment of and there is a wide gap between the developed countries. As mentioned earlier, the transposition of the great arteries with the baby, if born within a month if not treated, the mortality rate of 50 percent, if not within one year of treatment, the mortality rate as high as 80 percent. In the United States, such cases of surgical success rate of 95% (done a hundred children, by the third year, there are 95 children living in normal), the children normal circumstances can live up to three years or five years later Not too much of a problem, life will be like other children the same. But such cases the children in our country, so far not reached a good level. China's small in the treatment of age, weight small, complex congenital heart malformations there is a wide gap between the children.

Heart surgery in recent years, rapid development of a subject, the current domestic some timely medical workers did not keep pace with this trend of development, so do not quite understand the present level of cardiac surgery, patients must not know that some time in the small treatment, For example, ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect. 10 years ago in terms of textbooks and other children is the point, to 5-year-old child when the re-treatment. In fact, the situation at that time in 2 years following the treatment of this disease mortality rate is very high. But now a different level, ventricular septal defect, the best stage in the age of 2-year-old, three-year-old can not be the last. If the late, the survival rate of children will be affected. This disease is now 1-year-old general in the best of the surgery. But now in Beijing Children's Hospital clinic also often see the older children went to the hospital congenital heart disease have been very serious, or even have lost their operation time. Our doctors will be asked: "Why so late to come» "," a local hospital doctor said to wait until the child is older again, the children are too small to do them. "Families of the children answered. In fact, this is not the case. Want people to the development of cardiac surgery understand that the congenital heart disease so that more children receive timely treatment.

Cause

At present, the baby's cause of congenital heart disease is also unclear, but a few points is relatively clear:

1, the role of the virus. In the heart of early embryonic development, especially on a pregnant mother (fetal heart development at this time is the crucial moment), or if the mother is infected with the flu virus, will definitely affect fetal heart development.

2, the role of drugs. In the heart of early embryonic development, the mothers taking certain drugs, will also affect fetal heart development.

3, and the uncertainty of the role of genetic tendency.

Prevention

1, mothers in early pregnancy to avoid a cold, such as attention to insulation and less to public places, especially around the small commercial buildings. It was detected, the better the commercial seal the air quality is very poor, which is the prevention of congenital heart disease in a significant measure.

2, in the heart of nearly perfect, is about two months in pregnancy when the children do CDFI check the heart's development. If the conditions are relatively good, children should be able to see the heart of the development of the situation. If the heart of children with heart malformations and more complicated, such as left ventricular dysplasia syndrome, and so there is no good treatment of congenital heart disease, the mother will be rounded down to consider the fetus. However, ultrasound fetal heart development in a relatively high level of demand, and hospital equipment, doctors on the personal level.

3, it was suggested that children with congenital heart disease ultrasound, around radioactive material, which are, however, has not been proved accurate.

4, home decoration of air pollution on the development of heart imprecise, but is certainly not good. It may not affect the heart of the child, but may affect other aspects of child development. We feel that after the renovation of some special smell and stimulate (such as the stimulation of the cornea: the eyes of Shibuya, the stem; stimulation of the respiratory tract: itchy throat, dry cough, etc.), are toxic gases (such as formaldehyde, etc.) Caused by these toxic gases may affect fetal development.

5, parents drinking, smoking will affect fetal development.

6, is to avoid certain drugs, such as some antibiotics and so on.

7, and some poor fetal development, not sound, sometimes there will be reactions, such as some mothers, such as abortion, as part of these reasons

The mother of not adapting, in part because of the fetus itself is not normal. Some mothers in order to Baotai, some drugs, these drugs will fetal development have a certain impact.

8, baby lips Fazi. Fetus after birth, patent ductus arteriosus, ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, if less serious, there will be no special performance will be the same with other children. But if the defect is relatively large, relatively coarse catheter, children easily expressed as: easy cold, easy to respiratory infections, pneumonia easy, it is easy to cause serious heart failure, such children should be as early as surgery, if the symptoms are not very clear, they can 1-year-old to wait until the surgery. If children born with severe congenital heart disease, his lips may be dark purple, especially in children crying when the lips Fazi will be even more serious systemic Fazi. Some parents think that children lips Fazi because of Bie, or that the child's lips is this color, this neglect may make your baby missed the best time for surgery.
Her mother in early pregnancy to avoid a cold, such as attention to insulation and less to public places, especially around the small commercial buildings. It was detected, the better the commercial seal the air quality is very poor, which is the prevention of congenital heart disease in a significant measure.

Congenital heart disease (CHD) incidence rate higher, accounting for about births 8 ‰ -12 ‰. China's 2001 births there are about 150,000 cases. According to the latest statistics, newborns died of natural causes is the primary cause of congenital heart disease. Some newborns suffering from complex congenital heart defects, such as transposition of the great arteries (the two main artery of the anti-long, it should be connected with the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery connecting the left ventricle; should connect the aorta and left ventricle connected to the right ventricle) This disease is more common complex heart malformations, to be born within two weeks after doing a very big surgery, two artery-to come back. If missed the best time for surgery, the child can only wait for the dead. Thus the early diagnosis of congenital heart disease and treatment is very important, especially in complex congenital diseases. Currently, China's children with congenital heart disease in about 1 / 3 no access to timely treatment, living less than his first birthday.

China is able to treatment of complex congenital heart disease in young infants less the hospital, but mainly concentrated in some big cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing has the Children's Hospital, Ahn Jung Fuwai Hospital and the Hospital; Shanghai Children's Medical Center and a Pediatric Hospital; Guangzhou have cardiovascular disease research. Therefore, we should increase the degree of attention congenital heart disease, in particular the treatment of attention to the low age, low birth weight babies complex congenital heart defects. In this regard, China and the developed countries there is still a certain gap. Quantitative sense, the United States, 2001 to be about 300,000 cases of heart surgery, my only around 50,000 cases. It also includes 50,000 cases of acquired heart disease in adults, such as coronary heart disease, congenital heart surgery children accounted for about 50 percent, only about a year around 25,000 cases, which have 150,000 cases of the birth of children with congenital heart disease Comparison, there are significant deficiencies. In addition to the treatment of congenital heart disease hospitals and centres not enough, our country there are still a heavy burden of medical costs issue. Children with part of the family can not afford the cost of treatment. An ordinary children with heart disease, such as ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, cost of treatment is about 2 to 30,000, and complex deformity treatment may reach 50,000 or even more than 10 million. Large part of the family can not afford such a huge cost. Therefore, we appeal to the community of some enterprises, and other units to do some public welfare undertakings, to sponsor such a child. As a result, most children with their own benefit, social impact will be very large, the visibility of the enterprise, the impact is very good. Treatment of a ventricular septal defect in children, smoothly, needs 25,000 to 30,000 yuan, if an enterprise can be sponsored by 100,000 to 200,000 yuan, there will be 56 children receive timely treatment. While it is every year, some enterprises, companies and even individuals to contribute money to sponsor those who do not have the ability to cure heart disease children of families, but the relatively small number. Changchun is a Korean-run "Papa` S "fast-food company, has sponsored the 20 cases the majority of children with congenital heart disease treatment costs. To enable more children with congenital heart disease receive timely treatment, the company only sponsored a full treatment of children with congenital heart disease cost of 2 / 3, 1 / 3 are children with families of their own. Recently a complex congenital heart disease in young infants in Beijing Children's Hospital to accept the "one and a half ventricular repair" the operation (the child's right ventricular dysplasia, not be able to meet his heart, he was part of the right ventricle to the blood to Road, Directly to the pulmonary artery, even after another part of the right ventricle), spent a total of over 60,000 yuan, "PapaS" fast food companies take the more than 40,000 yuan, the first of the children have been recovered and were discharged. Now within the domestic 10-year-old waiting for the treatment of children with congenital heart disease in about 1 million, of which a large part due to family reasons, there are still some are not aware of this disease should be early treatment. Basically, no major cities in this situation, but in some remote areas far away from the big cities have such a situation, to the point that the child treatment, has actually missed the best time of surgery.

Direction

The treatment of domestic and overseas there is still a certain gap. Mainly in small babies, newborns complex congenital heart disease, the success rate. For example, to be in the neonatal period for the disease, China's treatment of and there is a wide gap between the developed countries. As mentioned earlier, the transposition of the great arteries with the baby, if born within a month if not treated, the mortality rate of 50 percent, if not within one year of treatment, the mortality rate as high as 80 percent. In the United States, such cases of surgical success rate of 95% (done a hundred children, by the third year, there are 95 children living in normal), the children normal circumstances can live up to three years or five years later Not too much of a problem, life will be like other children the same. But such cases the children in our country, so far not reached a good level. China's small in the treatment of age, weight small, complex congenital heart malformations there is a wide gap between the children.

Heart surgery in recent years, rapid development of a subject, the current domestic some timely medical workers did not keep pace with this trend of development, so do not quite understand the present level of cardiac surgery, patients must not know that some time in the small treatment, For example, ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect. 10 years ago in terms of textbooks and other children is the point, to 5-year-old child when the re-treatment. In fact, the situation at that time in 2 years following the treatment of this disease mortality rate is very high. But now a different level, ventricular septal defect, the best stage in the age of 2-year-old, three-year-old can not be the last. If the late, the survival rate of children will be affected. This disease is now 1-year-old general in the best of the surgery. But now in Beijing Children's Hospital clinic also often see the older children went to the hospital congenital heart disease have been very serious, or even have lost their operation time. Our doctors will be asked: "Why so late to come» "," a local hospital doctor said to wait until the child is older again, the children are too small to do them. "Families of the children answered. In fact, this is not the case. Want people to the development of cardiac surgery understand that the congenital heart disease so that more children receive timely treatment.

Cause

At present, the baby's cause of congenital heart disease is also unclear, but a few points is relatively clear:

1, the role of the virus. In the heart of early embryonic development, especially on a pregnant mother (fetal heart development at this time is the crucial moment), or if the mother is infected with the flu virus, will definitely affect fetal heart development.

2, the role of drugs. In the heart of early embryonic development, the mothers taking certain drugs, will also affect fetal heart development.

3, and the uncertainty of the role of genetic tendency.

Prevention

1, mothers in early pregnancy to avoid a cold, such as attention to insulation and less to public places, especially around the small commercial buildings. It was detected, the better the commercial seal the air quality is very poor, which is the prevention of congenital heart disease in a significant measure.

2, in the heart of nearly perfect, is about two months in pregnancy when the children do CDFI check the heart's development. If the conditions are relatively good, children should be able to see the heart of the development of the situation. If the heart of children with heart malformations and more complicated, such as left ventricular dysplasia syndrome, and so there is no good treatment of congenital heart disease, the mother will be rounded down to consider the fetus. However, ultrasound fetal heart development in a relatively high level of demand, and hospital equipment, doctors on the personal level.

3, it was suggested that children with congenital heart disease ultrasound, around radioactive material, which are, however, has not been proved accurate.

4, home decoration of air pollution on the development of heart imprecise, but is certainly not good. It may not affect the heart of the child, but may affect other aspects of child development. We feel that after the renovation of some special smell and stimulate (such as the stimulation of the cornea: the eyes of Shibuya, the stem; stimulation of the respiratory tract: itchy throat, dry cough, etc.), are toxic gases (such as formaldehyde, etc.) Caused by these toxic gases may affect fetal development.

5, parents drinking, smoking will affect fetal development.

6, is to avoid certain drugs, such as some antibiotics and so on.

7, and some poor fetal development, not sound, sometimes there will be reactions, such as some mothers, such as abortion, as part of these reasons

The mother of not adapting, in part because of the fetus itself is not normal. Some mothers in order to Baotai, some drugs, these drugs will fetal development have a certain impact.

8, baby lips Fazi. Fetus after birth, patent ductus arteriosus, ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, if less serious, there will be no special performance will be the same with other children. But if the defect is relatively large, relatively coarse catheter, children easily expressed as: easy cold, easy to respiratory infections, pneumonia easy, it is easy to cause serious heart failure, such children should be as early as surgery, if the symptoms are not very clear, they can 1-year-old to wait until the surgery. If children born with severe congenital heart disease, his lips may be dark purple, especially in children crying when the lips Fazi will be even more serious systemic Fazi. Some parents think that children lips Fazi because of Bie, or that the child's lips is this color, this neglect may make your baby missed the best time for surgery.